Low income: GDP, PPP (constant 2021 international $)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2025, Low income's GDP, PPP (constant 2021 international $) rose 6.4% on 2024 (from 1.79 trillion to 1.9 trillion).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +4% and a typical year strayed about 2.3% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.0 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 7.1% in 2010 and the biggest yearly fall was 3.8% in 2012. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is upward, about 47.12 billion a year. A straight line explains 97% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

A straight-line projection, tested first

Extending that straight line gives about 2 trillion for 2028. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2023 to 2025 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was 32.79 billion, against 108.93 billion for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.

See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.

How it compares

See how every economy compares in the full ranking.

What this measures

This indicator provides values for gross domestic product (GDP) expressed in constant international dollars, converted by purchasing power parities (PPPs). PPPs account for the different price levels across countries and thus PPP-based comparisons of economic output are more appropriate for comparing the output of economies and the average material well-being of their inhabitants than exchange-rate based comparisons. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2021. The PPP conversion factor is a currency conversion factor and a spatial price deflator. PPPs convert different currencies to a common currency and, in the process of conversion, equalize their purchasing power by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries, thereby allowing volume or output comparisons of GDP and its expenditure components.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a gap-filled total.

All 36 values

GDP, PPP (constant 2021 international $) in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — 83.78 billion (2024)
• Algeria — 753.4 billion (2025)
• Bahrain — 97.09 billion (2025)
• Djibouti — 8.55 billion (2025)
• Egypt, Arab Rep. — 2.04 trillion (2025)
• Iran, Islamic Rep. — 1.56 trillion (2025)
• Iraq — 573.26 billion (2025)
• Israel — 487.89 billion (2025)
• Jordan — 124.36 billion (2025)
• Kuwait — 234.77 billion (2025)

More economic policy & debt data for Low income

• GDP (current US$) — US$642.67 billion (2025)
• GDP per capita (current US$) — US$837.36 (2025)
• GNI (current US$) — US$627.91 billion (2025)
• Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Austria (current US$) — US$57.58 million (2023)
• Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Belgium (current US$) — US$350.05 million (2023)
• Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Canada (current US$) — US$677.23 million (2023)
• Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, European Union institutions (current US$) — US$3.08 billion (2023)
• Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Switzerland (current US$) — US$483.76 million (2023)
• Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Germany (current US$)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Low income's GDP, PPP (constant 2021 international $)?

1.9 trillion in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1990?

It is up 254.02% from 537.86 billion in 1990 (3.68% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 1.9 trillion in 2025 and the lowest 537.86 billion in 1990.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.KD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: International Comparison Program (ICP), World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/icp/data, note: This information is for ICP’s PPPs utilized in WDI, publisher: International Comparison Program (ICP), date accessed: May 30, 2024, date published: May 30, 2024; The Eurostat PPP Progr… Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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