Kazakhstan's level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources was 34.63 in 2022, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 10.5% from 31.34 in 2012 (1% a year on average, compounded).
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 34.63 | 2022 |
| Five years earlier | 31.14 | 2017 |
| Ten years earlier | 31.34 | 2012 |
| Highest | 46.1 | 1993 |
| Lowest | 28.39 | 2008 |
| Average since 2013 | 32.32 | 2013–2022 |
| First recorded | 46.1 | 1993 |
What the numbers say
In 2022, Kazakhstan's level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources rose 1.8% on 2021 (from 34 to 34.63).
Across the 28 yearly changes before that (1994 to 2021), the average change was −0.9% and a typical year strayed about 6.8% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.4 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 16.6% in 2009 and the biggest yearly fall was 14.3% in 2006. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2013 to 2022 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.41 a year. A straight line explains 57% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2022, Kazakhstan had the 47th highest value of the 176 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
Closest to Kazakhstan in the 2022 ranking
What this measures
The level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources is the ratio between total freshwater withdrawn by all major sectors and total renewable freshwater resources, after taking into account environmental water requirements. Main sectors, as defined by ISIC standards, include agriculture; forestry and fishing; manufacturing; electricity industry; and services. This indicator is also known as water withdrawal intensity.
Limitations: Water withdrawal as a percentage of water resources is a good indicator of pressure on limited water resources, one of the most important natural resources. However, it only partially addresses the issues related to sustainable water management. Supplementary indicators that capture the multiple dimensions of water management would combine data on water demand management, behavioural changes with regard to water use and the availability of appropriate infrastructure, and measure progress in increasing the efficiency and sustainability of water use, in particular in relation to population and economic growth.
All 30 values
| Year | Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 34.63 |
| 2021 | 34 |
| 2020 | 34.1 |
| 2019 | 32.62 |
| 2018 | 32.65 |
| 2017 | 31.14 |
| 2016 | 30 |
| 2015 | 30.04 |
| 2014 | 32.01 |
| 2013 | 32.05 |
Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources in nearby economies
- Albania — 4.79 (2022)
- Armenia — 61.97 (2022)
- Austria — 8.68 (2022)
- Azerbaijan — 57.53 (2022)
- Belarus — 4.66 (2022)
- Belgium — 52.83 (2022)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina — 2.07 (2022)
- Bulgaria
More environment data for Kazakhstan
- Population in largest city — 2.04 million (2025)
- Population in the largest city (% of urban population) — 15.7% (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million — 3.39 million (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) — 16.29% (2025)
- Rural population — 7.84 million (2025)
- Rural population (% of total population) — 37.61% (2025)
- Urban population — 13 million (2025)
- Urban population (% of total population) — 62.39% (2025)
- Rural population growth (annual %) — 0.38% (2025)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Kazakhstan's level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources?
- 34.63 in 2022, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1993?
- It is down 24.89% from 46.1 in 1993 (0.98% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 46.1 in 1993 and the lowest 28.39 in 2008.
- How does Kazakhstan rank?
- 47th highest of 176 economies with data for 2022.
- Is the latest change in level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources unusual for Kazakhstan?
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator ER.H2O.FWST.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: AQUASTAT - FAO's Global Information System on Water and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), uri: https://data.apps.fao.org/aquastat/, publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), date accessed: 20240529 Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
Want to ask your own questions of data like this? Try AnalyzeIt: upload a file or ask about public data in plain words, and every figure comes with its working.
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