India: Reserves and related items (current US$, BoP)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2025, India's reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) fell US$38.07 billion on 2024 (from US$16.39 billion to −US$21.68 billion).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +US$199.97 million and a typical year strayed about US$34.33 billion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.1 standard deviations below that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was US$68.83 billion in 2023 and the biggest yearly fall was US$97.67 billion in 2022. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2016 to 2025 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 6% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2025, India had the 133rd highest value of the 134 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to India in the 2025 ranking

• Hong Kong SAR, China — 129th of 134: −US$8.94 billion
• Iraq — 130th of 134: −US$9.99 billion
• Algeria — 131st of 134: −US$20.76 billion
• Türkiye — 133rd of 134: −US$22.02 billion
• China — 134th of 134: −US$49.94 billion

What this measures

Reserves and related items is the net change in a country's holdings of international reserves resulting from transactions on the current, capital, and financial accounts. Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency.Also included are net credit and loans from the IMF (excluding reserve position) and total exceptional financing. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

All 51 values

Reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) in nearby economies

• Bangladesh — US$4.79 billion (2025)
• Bhutan — −US$9.81 million (2024)
• Maldives — US$313.25 million (2025)
• Nepal — US$6.02 billion (2025)
• Sri Lanka — −US$56.59 million (2025)

More economic policy & debt data for India

• Total reserves, including gold (current US$) — US$700.07 billion (2025)
• Total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) — US$576.45 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$426.05 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (current LCU) — 37.21 trillion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) — US$341.19 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (constant LCU) — 32.99 trillion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) — 10.77% (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$2.24 trillion (2025)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is India's reserves and related items (current US$, BoP)?

−US$21.68 billion in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1975?

It is down 6,166% from US$357.33 million in 1975. The highest value was US$103.85 billion in 2020 and the lowest −US$30.61 billion in 2022.

How does India rank?

133rd highest of 134 economies with data for 2025.

Is the latest change in reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) unusual for India?

In 2025, India's reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) fell US$38.07 billion on 2024 (from US$16.39 billion to −US$21.68 billion). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +US$199.97 million and a typical year strayed about US$34.33 billion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.1 standard deviations below that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator BN.RES.INCL.CD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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