India's total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) was US$576.45 billion in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 72.43% from US$334.31 billion in 2015 (5.6% a year on average, compounded).
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | US$576.45 billion | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | US$549.09 billion | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | US$334.31 billion | 2015 |
| Highest | US$594.36 billion | 2021 |
| Lowest | US$251 million | 1964 |
| Average since 2016 | US$492.27 billion | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | US$423 million |
What the numbers say
In 2025, India's total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) rose 1.2% on 2024 (from US$569.54 billion to US$576.45 billion).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +13% and a typical year strayed about 16.6% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.7 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 156.3% in 1976 and the biggest yearly fall was 60.6% in 1990. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is upward, about US$28.44 billion a year. A straight line explains 78% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2025, India had the 5th highest value of the 131 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
Closest to India in the 2025 ranking
- China — 1st of 131: US$3.42 trillion
- Japan — 2nd of 131: US$1.25 trillion
- Switzerland — 3rd of 131: US$929.64 billion
- Saudi Arabia — 5th of 131: US$459.8 billion
- Korea, Rep. — 6th of 131: US$421.91 billion
- Singapore — 7th of 131: US$404.93 billion
What this measures
This series includes external assets (excluding monetary gold) that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
All 66 values
| Year | Total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 576,448,951,367 |
| 2024 | 569,544,279,505 |
| 2023 | 574,508,789,080 |
| 2022 | 521,419,383,958 |
| 2021 | 594,356,484,009 |
| 2020 | 549,086,868,075 |
| 2019 | 432,378,384,524 |
| 2018 | 374,425,187,184 |
| 2017 | 389,350,147,912 |
| 2016 | 341,145,194,692 |
Total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) in nearby economies
- Bangladesh — US$26.56 billion (2025)
- Bhutan — US$1.16 billion (2025)
- Maldives — US$984.57 million (2025)
- Nepal — US$19.98 billion (2025)
- Sri Lanka — US$6.05 billion (2024)
More economic policy & debt data for India
- Total reserves, including gold (current US$) — US$700.07 billion (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$426.05 billion (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (current LCU) — 37.21 trillion (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) — US$341.19 billion (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (constant LCU) — 32.99 trillion (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) — 10.77% (2025)
- Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$2.24 trillion (2025)
- Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (current LCU) — 195.78 trillion (2025)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is India's total reserves, excluding gold (current US$)?
- US$576.45 billion in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1960?
- It is up 136,176% from US$423 million in 1960 (11.74% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was US$594.36 billion in 2021 and the lowest US$251 million in 1964.
- How does India rank?
- 5th highest of 131 economies with data for 2025.
- Is the latest change in total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) unusual for India?
- In 2025, India's total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) rose 1.2% on 2024 (from US$569.54 billion to US$576.45 billion). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +13% and a typical year strayed about 16.6% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.7 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator FI.RES.XGLD.CD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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