IBRD only: Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2023, IBRD only's subsidies and other transfers (% of expense) rose 3.06 percentage points on 2022 (from 42.52% to 45.58%).

Across the 24 yearly changes before that (1999 to 2022), the average change was +0.02 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 2.21 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.4 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 5.92 percentage points in 2020 and the biggest yearly fall was 3.62 percentage points in 2003. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2014 to 2023 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 30% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

See how every economy compares in the full ranking.

What this measures

Subsidies are current unrequited payments that government units, including nonresident government units, make to enterprises on the basis of the levels of their production activities or the quantities or values of the goods or services that they produce, sell, export or import. This indicator is expressed as percentage of total expenses which is any decrease in net worth resulting from a transaction.

Limitations: For most countries central government finance data have been consolidated into one account, but for others only budgetary central government accounts are available. Countries reporting budgetary data are noted in the country metadata. Because budgetary accounts may not include all central government units (such as social security funds), they usually provide an incomplete picture. In federal states the central government accounts provide an incomplete view of total public finance. Data on government revenue and expense are collected by the IMF through questionnaires to member countries and by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a median.

All 26 values

Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense) in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — 10.5% (2017)
• Bahrain — 30.07% (2020)
• Egypt, Arab Rep. — 37.21% (2015)
• Israel — 42.37% (2023)
• Jordan — 25.8% (2023)
• Lebanon — 47.18% (2021)
• Malta — 35.23% (2023)
• Morocco — 35.25% (2023)
• Saudi Arabia — 11.27% (2023)
• United Arab Emirates — 22.43% (2023)

More public sector data for IBRD only

• Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values) — 14.75 billion (2025)
• Military expenditure (% of GDP) — 2.3% (2025)
• Military expenditure (current USD) — 982.72 billion (2025)
• Armed forces personnel, total — 16.35 million (2020)
• Grants and other revenue (% of revenue) — 16.58% (2024)
• Taxes on goods and services (% of revenue) — 32.66% (2024)
• Taxes on international trade (% of revenue) — 3.03% (2024)
• Other taxes (% of revenue) — 0.95% (2024)
• Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of revenue) — 18.76% (2024)
• Interest payments (% of revenue)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is IBRD only's subsidies and other transfers (% of expense)?

45.58% in 2023, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1998?

It is up 3.61 percentage points from 41.97% in 1998. The highest value was 46.5% in 2020 and the lowest 36.91% in 2003.

Is the latest change in subsidies and other transfers (% of expense) unusual for IBRD only?

In 2023, IBRD only's subsidies and other transfers (% of expense) rose 3.06 percentage points on 2022 (from 42.52% to 45.58%). Across the 24 yearly changes before that (1999 to 2022), the average change was +0.02 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 2.21 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.4 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

Where does this data come from?

The World Bank's World Development Indicators, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator GC.XPN.TRFT.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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