Germany: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2023, Germany's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e) fell 31% on 2022 (from 0.04 to 0.03).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1993 to 2022), the average change was −3.9% and a typical year strayed about 11.6% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 2.3 standard deviations below that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 1.8% in 1973 and the biggest yearly fall was 57.7% in 2020. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2014 to 2023 the straight-line trend is downward, about 0.02 a year. A straight line explains 82% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

See how every economy compares in the full ranking.

Closest to Germany in the 2023 ranking

• United States — 2nd of 4: 0.0034
• Denmark — 3rd of 4: 0.001
• Netherlands — 4th of 4: 0

What this measures

A measure of annual emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the six Kyoto greenhouse gases (GHG), from the waste sector. This includes emissions from solid waste (IPCC 2006 codes 4.A Solid Waste Disposal, 4.B Biological Treatment of Solid Waste, 4.C Incineration and Open Burning of Waste) and wastewater treatment (IPCC 2006 code 4.D Wastewater Treatment and Discharge). The measure is standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values using the Global Warming Potential (GWP) factors of IPCC's 5th Assessment Report (AR5).

Limitations: Global GHG emissions are currently not directly measurable, but approaches for their estimation exist, and numerous sources exist to supply data for this indicator. Reputable scientific organizations produce these data for use for research, policy analysis, climate negotiations, and broader public communications. The estimated accuracy from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes are quite high, as quantities of fossil fuels and other emissive materials (such as cement and steel) produced are well known. For these sectors, emissions estimates are roughly accurate to within 10% when aggregated to the global level and between 4% and 35% at the country level (Crippa et al., 2023).

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a sum.

All 54 values

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e) in nearby economies

• Albania — 0.0029 (2024)
• Austria — 0.0008 (2024)
• Azerbaijan — 0.0025 (2024)
• Belarus — 0.0073 (2024)
• Belgium — 0.02 (2024)
• Bosnia and Herzegovina — 0.0038 (2024)
• Bulgaria — 0.0005 (2024)
• Croatia — 0 (2024)
• Czechia — 0.05 (2024)
• Denmark

More environment data for Germany

• Population in largest city — 3.58 million (2025)
• Population in the largest city (% of urban population) — 5.22% (2025)
• Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million — 8.11 million (2025)
• Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) — 9.72% (2025)
• Rural population — 14.91 million (2025)
• Rural population (% of total population) — 17.86% (2025)
• Urban population — 68.58 million (2025)
• Urban population (% of total population) — 82.14% (2025)
• Aquaculture production (metric tons) — 32,653 (2024)
• Capture fisheries production (metric tons)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Germany's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e)?

0.03 in 2023, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1970?

It is down 80% from 0.15 in 1970 (2.99% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 0.21 in 1990 and the lowest 0.03 in 2023.

Is the latest change in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e) unusual for Germany?

In 2023, Germany's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e) fell 31% on 2022 (from 0.04 to 0.03). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1993 to 2022), the average change was −3.9% and a typical year strayed about 11.6% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 2.3 standard deviations below that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.

Where does this data come from?

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator EN.GHG.CO2.WA.MT.CE.AR5, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database, Joint Research Centre (JRC) - European Commission, uri: https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_ghg2024, publisher: JRC European Commission, date published: 2024; International Energy Agency (IEA), uri: https://edgar.j… Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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