European Union's gross fixed capital formation (current US$) was US$4.53 trillion in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 65.66% from US$2.73 trillion in 2015 (5.18% a year on average, compounded).
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | US$4.53 trillion | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | US$3.4 trillion | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | US$2.73 trillion | 2015 |
| Highest | US$4.53 trillion | 2025 |
| Lowest | US$199.18 billion | 1970 |
| Average since 2016 | US$3.65 trillion | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | US$199.18 billion |
What the numbers say
In 2025, European Union's gross fixed capital formation (current US$) rose 9.7% on 2024 (from US$4.13 trillion to US$4.53 trillion).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +3.7% and a typical year strayed about 9.1% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.6 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 39% in 1986 and the biggest yearly fall was 17.1% in 2009. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is upward, about US$169.39 billion a year. A straight line explains 95% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
A straight-line projection, tested first
Extending that straight line gives about US$4.78 trillion for 2028. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2023 to 2025 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was US$392.71 billion, against US$507.39 billion for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.
See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.
How it compares
See how every economy compares in the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| European Union | US$4.53 trillion | 2025 |
| World | US$28.61 trillion | 2024 |
What this measures
Gross fixed capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets during the accounting period, including certain specified expenditures on services that add to the value of non-produced assets. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a gap-filled total.
All 56 values
| Year | Gross fixed capital formation (current US$) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 4,527,785,414,823 |
| 2024 | 4,128,432,228,202 |
| 2023 | 4,126,383,999,396 |
| 2022 | 3,753,477,629,127 |
| 2021 | 3,814,874,721,756 |
| 2020 | 3,396,297,455,315 |
| 2019 | 3,476,495,401,154 |
| 2018 | 3,363,974,489,248 |
| 2017 | 3,048,469,774,886 |
| 2016 | 2,824,682,145,592 |
Gross fixed capital formation (current US$) in nearby economies
- Algeria — US$113.09 billion (2025)
- Bahrain — US$13.63 billion (2024)
- Djibouti — US$1.18 billion (2025)
- Egypt, Arab Rep. — US$42.75 billion (2025)
- Iran, Islamic Rep. — US$104.45 billion (2025)
- Iraq — US$40.15 billion (2024)
- Israel — US$145.39 billion (2025)
- Kuwait — US$26.95 billion (2024)
- Lebanon — US$375.26 million (2024)
- Libya — US$6.86 billion (2025)
More economic policy & debt data for European Union
- GDP (current US$) — US$21.24 trillion (2025)
- GDP (constant 2015 US$) — US$15.95 trillion (2025)
- GDP per capita (current US$) — US$47,089 (2025)
- GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$) — US$35,365 (2025)
- GNI (current US$) — US$21.15 trillion (2025)
- GDP (annual % growth) — 1.54% (2025)
- GDP per capita (annual % growth) — 1.34% (2025)
- GNI, Atlas method (current US$) — US$20.33 trillion (2025)
- GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) — US$45,064 (2025)
- Charges for the use of intellectual property, payments (BoP, current US$)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is European Union's gross fixed capital formation (current US$)?
- US$4.53 trillion in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1970?
- It is up 2,173% from US$199.18 billion in 1970 (5.84% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was US$4.53 trillion in 2025 and the lowest US$199.18 billion in 1970.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NE.GDI.FTOT.CD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Offices (NSOs); National Accounts data files, Central Banks; Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
Want to ask your own questions of data like this? Try AnalyzeIt: upload a file or ask about public data in plain words, and every figure comes with its working.
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