European Union's energy imports, net (% of energy use) was 62.47% in 2023, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 5.87 percentage points from 56.6% in 2013.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 62.47% | 2023 |
| Five years earlier | 61.76% | 2018 |
| Ten years earlier | 56.6% | 2013 |
| Highest | 66.74% | 2022 |
| Lowest | 51.75% | 1990 |
| Average since 2014 | 61.07% | 2014–2023 |
| First recorded | 51.75% | 1990 |
What the numbers say
In 2023, European Union's energy imports, net (% of energy use) fell 4.27 percentage points on 2022 (from 66.74% to 62.47%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1993 to 2022), the average change was +0.44 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 2.06 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 2.3 standard deviations below that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 8.3 percentage points in 2022 and the biggest yearly fall was 4.27 percentage points in 2023. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2014 to 2023 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.58 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 38% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
See how every economy compares in the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| European Union | 62.47% | 2023 |
| World | 14.61% | 2023 |
What this measures
Net energy imports are estimated as gross imports less gross exports, both measured in tons of oil equivalents (toe). A negative value indicates that the country is a net exporter. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
Limitations: The IEA makes these estimates in consultation with national statistical offices, oil companies, electric utilities, and national energy experts. The IEA occasionally revises its time series to reflect political changes, and energy statistics undergo continual changes in coverage or methodology as more detailed energy accounts become available. Breaks in series are therefore unavoidable.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 34 values
| Year | Energy imports, net (% of energy use) |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 62.47 |
| 2022 | 66.74 |
| 2021 | 58.43 |
| 2020 | 60.29 |
| 2019 | 64.42 |
| 2018 | 61.76 |
| 2017 | 60.93 |
| 2016 | 59.33 |
| 2015 | 59.12 |
| 2014 | 57.25 |
| 2013 |
Energy imports, net (% of energy use) in nearby economies
More environment data for European Union
- Population in the largest city (% of urban population) — 16.11% (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) — 17.8% (2025)
- Rural population — 112 million (2025)
- Rural population (% of total population) — 24.83% (2025)
- Urban population — 339.13 million (2025)
- Urban population (% of total population) — 75.17% (2025)
- Electric power transmission and distribution losses (% of output) — 6.2% (2024)
- Fossil fuel energy consumption (% of total) — 65.07% (2024)
- Aquaculture production (metric tons)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is European Union's energy imports, net (% of energy use)?
- 62.47% in 2023, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1990?
- It is up 10.72 percentage points from 51.75% in 1990. The highest value was 66.74% in 2022 and the lowest 51.75% in 1990.
- Is the latest change in energy imports, net (% of energy use) unusual for European Union?
- In 2023, European Union's energy imports, net (% of energy use) fell 4.27 percentage points on 2022 (from 66.74% to 62.47%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1993 to 2022), the average change was +0.44 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 2.06 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 2.3 standard deviations below that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.
- Where does this data come from?
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator EG.IMP.CONS.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: IEA Energy Statistics Data Browser, International Energy Agency (IEA), uri: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser, publisher: International Energy Agency (IEA), date accessed: 2025-03-25 Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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