Estonia: Trade (% of GDP)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2025, Estonia's trade (% of GDP) rose 4.72 percentage points on 2024 (from 151.04% to 155.76%).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +0.1 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 11.93 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.4 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 26.91 percentage points in 2010 and the biggest yearly fall was 21.09 percentage points in 2023. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2016 to 2025 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 24% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2025, Estonia had the 13th highest value of the 137 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Estonia in the 2025 ranking

• Seychelles — 9th of 137: 172.29%
• Slovak Republic — 10th of 137: 170.34%
• Naoero — 11th of 137: 165.44%
• Lesotho — 13th of 137: 153.98%
• Belgium — 14th of 137: 152.92%
• Slovenia — 15th of 137: 151.92%

What this measures

Trade is the sum of exports and imports of goods and services. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.

All 33 values

Trade (% of GDP) in nearby economies

• Albania — 79.53% (2025)
• Armenia — 101.71% (2025)
• Austria — 107.02% (2025)
• Azerbaijan — 79.83% (2025)
• Belarus — 112.11% (2025)
• Belgium — 152.92% (2025)
• Bosnia and Herzegovina — 95.12% (2025)
• Bulgaria — 102.51% (2025)
• Croatia — 100.99% (2025)
• Cyprus — 189.5% (2025)
• Czechia — 128.04% (2025)
• Denmark — 129.22% (2025)
• Faroe Islands

More economic policy & debt data for Estonia

• Adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) — 4.76% (2021)
• Adjusted savings, mineral depletion (current US$) — US$0 (2021)
• Adjusted savings, energy depletion (current US$) — US$274.52 million (2021)
• Net financial flows, IBRD (NFL, current US$) — US$0 (2016)
• GDP (current LCU) — 41.62 billion (2025)
• GDP, linked series (current LCU) — 41.62 billion (2025)
• GDP (constant 2015 US$) — US$27.72 billion (2025)
• GDP (constant LCU) — 29.11 billion (2025)
• GDP, PPP (current international $) — 71.2 billion (2025)
• GDP, PPP (constant 2021 international $)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Estonia's trade (% of GDP)?

155.76% in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1993?

It is up 23.63 percentage points from 132.13% in 1993. The highest value was 175.69% in 2022 and the lowest 116.76% in 2009.

How does Estonia rank?

13th highest of 137 economies with data for 2025.

Is the latest change in trade (% of GDP) unusual for Estonia?

In 2025, Estonia's trade (% of GDP) rose 4.72 percentage points on 2024 (from 151.04% to 155.76%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +0.1 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 11.93 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.4 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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