− is the Unicode character MINUS SIGN, code point U+2212 (decimal 8722) in the Mathematical Operators block, added in Unicode 1.1. In HTML write −, and in UTF-8 it is the 3 bytes E2 88 92.
Codes
| Where | How to write it |
|---|---|
| Code point | U+2212 |
| Decimal | 8722 |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 88 92 |
| UTF-16 (big-endian) | 2212 |
| UTF-32 | 00002212 |
| HTML decimal | − |
| HTML hex | − |
| HTML named | − |
| CSS | \2212 |
| JavaScript | \u2212 |
| JSON | \u2212 |
| Python | \u2212 |
| Python by name | \N{MINUS SIGN} |
| Java, C# | \u2212 |
| Rust, Swift | \u{2212} |
| Go, C, C++ | \u2212 |
| URL (percent-encoded) | %E2%88%92 |
JavaScript and JSON strings store text as UTF-16, so this character is one code unit long. Python 3 strings count code points, so its length there is 1.
Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Name | MINUS SIGN |
| Code point | U+2212 (decimal 8722) |
| Block | Mathematical Operators (U+2200–U+22FF) |
| General category | Sm: Math symbol |
| Script | Common |
| Bidirectional class | ES: European number separator |
| Mirrored in right-to-left text | No |
| First in Unicode version | 1.1 |
Nearby in Mathematical Operators
- ∊ U+220A Small Element Of
- ∋ U+220B Contains As Member
- ∌ U+220C Does Not Contain As Member
- ∍ U+220D Small Contains As Member
- ∎ U+220E End Of Proof
- ∏ U+220F N-Ary Product
- ∐ U+2210 N-Ary Coproduct
- ∑ U+2211 N-Ary Summation
- ∓ U+2213 Minus-Or-Plus Sign
- ∔ U+2214 Dot Plus
- ∕ U+2215 Division Slash
- ∖ U+2216 Set Minus
- ∗ U+2217 Asterisk Operator
- ∘ U+2218 Ring Operator
- ∙ U+2219 Bullet Operator
- √ U+221A Square Root
All 256 characters: Mathematical Operators.
Official reference
Questions people ask
- What is the HTML code for −?
- Use the named entity −, or − (decimal) or − (hex).
- What is the UTF-8 encoding of U+2212?
- E2 88 92 (hex), 3 bytes. In a URL it is %E2%88%92.
- How do I write U+2212 in JavaScript or Python?
- JavaScript: \u2212. Python: \u2212.
Source
Unicode Character Database 18.0.0 (Unicode License v3); HTML entity names from the WHATWG HTML Standard (CC BY 4.0). The encodings above are computed from the code point and checked against Python's encoders. How the character looks depends on your fonts.
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