‘ is the Unicode character LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK, code point U+2018 (decimal 8216) in the General Punctuation block, added in Unicode 1.1. In HTML write ‘, and in UTF-8 it is the 3 bytes E2 80 98.
Codes
| Where | How to write it |
|---|---|
| Code point | U+2018 |
| Decimal | 8216 |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 80 98 |
| UTF-16 (big-endian) | 2018 |
| UTF-32 | 00002018 |
| HTML decimal | ‘ |
| HTML hex | ‘ |
| HTML named | ‘ ‘ |
| CSS | \2018 |
| JavaScript | \u2018 |
| JSON | \u2018 |
| Python | \u2018 |
| Python by name | \N{LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK} |
| Java, C# | \u2018 |
| Rust, Swift | \u{2018} |
| Go, C, C++ | \u2018 |
| URL (percent-encoded) | %E2%80%98 |
JavaScript and JSON strings store text as UTF-16, so this character is one code unit long. Python 3 strings count code points, so its length there is 1.
Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Name | LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK |
| Code point | U+2018 (decimal 8216) |
| Block | General Punctuation (U+2000–U+206F) |
| General category | Pi: Initial quote |
| Script | Common |
| Bidirectional class | ON: Other neutral |
| Mirrored in right-to-left text | No |
| First in Unicode version | 1.1 |
Nearby in General Punctuation
- ‐ U+2010 Hyphen
- ‑ U+2011 Non-Breaking Hyphen
- ‒ U+2012 Figure Dash
- – U+2013 En Dash
- — U+2014 Em Dash
- ― U+2015 Horizontal Bar
- ‖ U+2016 Double Vertical Line
- ‗ U+2017 Double Low Line
- ’ U+2019 Right Single Quotation Mark
- ‚ U+201A Single Low-9 Quotation Mark
- ‛ U+201B Single High-Reversed-9 Quotation Mark
- “ U+201C Left Double Quotation Mark
- ” U+201D Right Double Quotation Mark
- „ U+201E Double Low-9 Quotation Mark
- ‟ U+201F Double High-Reversed-9 Quotation Mark
- † U+2020 Dagger
All 111 characters: General Punctuation.
Official reference
Questions people ask
- What is the HTML code for ‘?
- Use the named entity ‘, or ‘ (decimal) or ‘ (hex).
- What is the UTF-8 encoding of U+2018?
- E2 80 98 (hex), 3 bytes. In a URL it is %E2%80%98.
- How do I write U+2018 in JavaScript or Python?
- JavaScript: \u2018. Python: \u2018.
Source
Unicode Character Database 18.0.0 (Unicode License v3); HTML entity names from the WHATWG HTML Standard (CC BY 4.0). The encodings above are computed from the code point and checked against Python's encoders. How the character looks depends on your fonts.
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