π is the Unicode character MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL SIGMA, code point U+1D70E (decimal 120590) in the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block, added in Unicode 3.1. In HTML write 𝜎, and in UTF-8 it is the 4 bytes F0 9D 9C 8E.
Codes
| Where | How to write it |
|---|---|
| Code point | U+1D70E |
| Decimal | 120590 |
| UTF-8 bytes | F0 9D 9C 8E |
| UTF-16 (big-endian) | D835 DF0E |
| UTF-32 | 0001D70E |
| HTML decimal | 𝜎 |
| HTML hex | 𝜎 |
| CSS | \1D70E |
| JavaScript | \u{1D70E} or \uD835\uDF0E |
| JSON | \uD835\uDF0E |
| Python | \U0001D70E |
| Python by name | \N{MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL SIGMA} |
| Java, C# | \uD835\uDF0E |
| Rust, Swift | \u{1D70E} |
| Go, C, C++ | \U0001D70E |
| URL (percent-encoded) | %F0%9D%9C%8E |
JavaScript and JSON strings store text as UTF-16, so this character takes two code units (a surrogate pair) and "π".length is 2. Python 3 strings count code points, so its length there is 1.
Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Name | MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL SIGMA |
| Code point | U+1D70E (decimal 120590) |
| Block | Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols (U+1D400βU+1D7FF) |
| General category | Ll: Lowercase letter |
| Script | Common |
| Bidirectional class | L: Left-to-right |
| Mirrored in right-to-left text | No |
| First in Unicode version | 3.1 |
Decomposition
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL SIGMA has a compatibility decomposition (font) to the sequence below. NFKC and NFKD normalisation replace it with that sequence, which can change how text looks, so use them for search, not for storage.
Nearby in Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols
- π U+1D706 Mathematical Italic Small Lamda
- π U+1D707 Mathematical Italic Small Mu
- π U+1D708 Mathematical Italic Small Nu
- π U+1D709 Mathematical Italic Small Xi
- π U+1D70A Mathematical Italic Small Omicron
- π U+1D70B Mathematical Italic Small Pi
- π U+1D70C Mathematical Italic Small Rho
- π U+1D70D Mathematical Italic Small Final Sigma
- π U+1D70F Mathematical Italic Small Tau
- π U+1D710 Mathematical Italic Small Upsilon
- π U+1D711 Mathematical Italic Small Phi
- π U+1D712 Mathematical Italic Small Chi
- π U+1D713 Mathematical Italic Small Psi
- π U+1D714 Mathematical Italic Small Omega
- π U+1D715 Mathematical Italic Partial Differential
- π U+1D716 Mathematical Italic Epsilon Symbol
All 997 characters: Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols.
Official reference
Questions people ask
- What is the HTML code for π?
- Use 𝜎 (decimal) or 𝜎 (hex).
- What is the UTF-8 encoding of U+1D70E?
- F0 9D 9C 8E (hex), 4 bytes. In a URL it is %F0%9D%9C%8E.
- How do I write U+1D70E in JavaScript or Python?
- JavaScript: \u{1D70E} or \uD835\uDF0E. Python: \U0001D70E.
Source
Unicode Character Database 18.0.0 (Unicode License v3); HTML entity names from the WHATWG HTML Standard (CC BY 4.0). The encodings above are computed from the code point and checked against Python's encoders. How the character looks depends on your fonts.
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