World: Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2023, World's carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) rose 54.3 on 2022 (from -5,184 to -5,130).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1993 to 2022), the average change was +77.81 and a typical year strayed about 227.85 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.1 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 507.76 in 2010 and the biggest yearly fall was 667.17 in 2008. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2014 to 2023 the straight-line trend is upward, about 84.89 a year. A straight line explains 79% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

What this measures

Net flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the category "Forest land".

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a sum.

All 34 values

Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — 4.03 (2023)
• Algeria — -10.15 (2023)
• Bahrain — -0.03 (2023)
• Djibouti — -7 (2023)
• Iran, Islamic Rep. — -49.99 (2023)
• Israel — -0.26 (2023)
• Jordan — -0.92 (2023)
• Kuwait — 0.13 (2023)
• Lebanon — -2.05 (2023)

More environment data for World

• Population in the largest city (% of urban population) — 16.16% (2025)
• Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) — 25.29% (2025)
• Rural population — 3.46 billion (2025)
• Rural population (% of total population) — 42.17% (2025)
• Urban population — 4.75 billion (2025)
• Urban population (% of total population) — 57.83% (2025)
• Fossil fuel energy consumption (% of total) — 80.06% (2024)
• Aquaculture production (metric tons) — 141.41 million (2024)
• Capture fisheries production (metric tons) — 94.4 million (2024)
• Total fisheries production (metric tons)

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Questions people ask

What is World's carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e)?

-5,130 in 2023, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1990?

It is up 33.6% from -7,726 in 1990. The highest value was -5,130 in 2023 and the lowest -7,726 in 1990.

Is the latest change in carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) unusual for World?

In 2023, World's carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) rose 54.3 on 2022 (from -5,184 to -5,130). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1993 to 2022), the average change was +77.81 and a typical year strayed about 227.85 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.1 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator EN.GHG.CO2.LU.FL.MT.CE.AR5, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Carbon fluxes from land 2000–2020: bringing clarity on countries’ reporting, uri: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4643-2022, note: Data available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7190605, publisher: Earth System Science Data (ESSD) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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