Viet Nam's discrepancy in expenditure estimate of GDP (constant LCU) was -30.95 trillion in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 159.79% from 51.76 trillion in 2015.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | -30.95 trillion | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | -48.9 trillion | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | 51.76 trillion | 2015 |
| Highest | 62.1 trillion | 2014 |
| Lowest | -81.28 trillion | 2023 |
| Average since 2016 | -18.29 trillion | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | -7.97 trillion |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Viet Nam's discrepancy in expenditure estimate of GDP (constant LCU) rose 27.13 trillion on 2024 (from -58.08 trillion to -30.95 trillion).
Across the 14 yearly changes before that (2011 to 2024), the average change was −3.58 trillion and a typical year strayed about 45.6 trillion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.7 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 83.33 trillion in 2021 and the biggest yearly fall was 73.45 trillion in 2018. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is downward, about 9.23 trillion a year. A straight line explains 33% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2025, Viet Nam had the 94th highest value of the 94 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
Closest to Viet Nam in the 2025 ranking
- Algeria — 91st of 94: -1.32 trillion
- Congo, Dem. Rep. — 92nd of 94: -3.6 trillion
- Guinea — 93rd of 94: -5.47 trillion
What this measures
Although the SNA ensures there is perfect consistency between the three measures of GDP, this is a conceptual consistency that in general does not emerge naturally from data compilations. This is because of the wide disparity of data sources that must be called on and the fact that any error in any source will lead to a difference between at least two of the GDP measures. In practice it is inevitable that many such data errors will exist and will become apparent in exercises such as the balancing of supply and use tables. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the underlying series have been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment varies by country.
All 16 values
| Year | Discrepancy in expenditure estimate of GDP (constant LCU) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | -30,946,682,650,900 |
| 2024 | -58,076,202,464,900 |
| 2023 | -81,278,089,549,200 |
| 2022 | -9,601,889,855,400 |
| 2021 | 34,429,397,008,900 |
| 2020 | -48,898,190,882,500 |
| 2019 | -68,081,129,316,900 |
| 2018 | -20,179,143,793,900 |
| 2017 | 53,273,107,388,300 |
| 2016 | 46,474,249,782,100 |
Discrepancy in expenditure estimate of GDP (constant LCU) in nearby economies
- Brunei Darussalam — -423.19 million (2025)
- Cambodia — 1.42 trillion (2025)
- Indonesia — 234.87 trillion (2025)
- Japan — 0 (2025)
- Malaysia — -1,000 (2025)
- Marshall Islands — 2.18 million (2024)
- Mongolia — 156.28 billion (2025)
- New Zealand — -2.07 billion (2025)
- Samoa — 85.38 million (2025)
More economic policy & debt data for Viet Nam
- Grants, excluding technical cooperation (BoP, current US$) — US$525.67 million (2023)
- Technical cooperation grants (BoP, current US$) — US$205.14 million (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Japan (current US$) — US$149.31 million (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Total (current US$) — US$686.74 million (2023)
- Net official development assistance and official aid received (current US$) — US$831.19 million (2023)
- Net official development assistance and official aid received (constant 2023 US$) — US$831.19 million (2023)
- Net official development assistance received (current US$) — US$831.19 million (2023)
- Net official development assistance received (constant 2023 US$)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Viet Nam's discrepancy in expenditure estimate of GDP (constant LCU)?
- -30.95 trillion in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 2010?
- It is down 288.18% from -7.97 trillion in 2010. The highest value was 62.1 trillion in 2014 and the lowest -81.28 trillion in 2023.
- How does Viet Nam rank?
- 94th highest of 94 economies with data for 2025.
- Is the latest change in discrepancy in expenditure estimate of GDP (constant LCU) unusual for Viet Nam?
- In 2025, Viet Nam's discrepancy in expenditure estimate of GDP (constant LCU) rose 27.13 trillion on 2024 (from -58.08 trillion to -30.95 trillion). Across the 14 yearly changes before that (2011 to 2024), the average change was −3.58 trillion and a typical year strayed about 45.6 trillion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.7 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NY.GDP.DISC.KN, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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