Viet Nam: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2024, Viet Nam's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) rose 0.37 on 2023 (from 3.89 to 4.27).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1994 to 2023), the average change was +0.12 and a typical year strayed about 0.15 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.7 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 0.53 in 2019 and the biggest yearly fall was 0.15 in 2021. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2015 to 2024 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.22 a year. A straight line explains 91% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

A straight-line projection, tested first

Extending that straight line gives about 4.83 for 2027. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2022 to 2024 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was 0.15, against 0.47 for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.

See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.

How it compares

In 2024, Viet Nam had the 65th highest value of the 203 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Viet Nam in the 2024 ranking

• Lithuania — 61st of 203: 4.49
• Hungary — 62nd of 203: 4.46
• Denmark — 63rd of 203: 4.28
• United Kingdom — 65th of 203: 4.22
• Bermuda — 66th of 203: 4.14
• Uzbekistan — 67th of 203: 4.09

What this measures

Total annual emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the six Kyoto greenhouse gases (GHG), from the agriculture, energy, waste, and industrial sectors, excluding LULUCF, standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values divided by the economy's population. This measure excludes GHG fluxes caused by Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF), as these fluxes have larger uncertainties.

Limitations: Global GHG emissions are currently not directly measurable, but approaches for their estimation exist, and numerous sources exist to supply data for this indicator. Reputable scientific organizations produce these data for use for research, policy analysis, climate negotiations, and broader public communications. The estimated accuracy from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes are quite high, as quantities of fossil fuels and other emissive materials (such as cement and steel) produced are well known. For these sectors, emissions estimates are roughly accurate to within 10% when aggregated to the global level and between 4% and 35% at the country level (Crippa et al., 2023).

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average using population as weights.

All 55 values

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) in nearby economies

• American Samoa — 0.00214 (2024)
• Australia — 14.1 (2024)
• Brunei Darussalam — 20.24 (2024)
• Cambodia — 1.1 (2024)
• China — 9.32 (2024)
• Fiji — 1.62 (2024)
• French Polynesia — 3.46 (2024)
• Guam — 0.00179 (2024)
• Hong Kong SAR, China

More environment data for Viet Nam

• Population in largest city — 9.82 million (2025)
• Population in the largest city (% of urban population) — 24.88% (2025)
• Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million — 20.22 million (2025)
• Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) — 19.9% (2025)
• Rural population — 62.15 million (2025)
• Rural population (% of total population) — 61.17% (2025)
• Urban population — 39.45 million (2025)
• Urban population (% of total population) — 38.83% (2025)
• Aquaculture production (metric tons) — 5.65 million (2024)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Viet Nam's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita)?

4.27 in 2024, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1970?

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database, Joint Research Centre (JRC) - European Commission, uri: https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_ghg2024, publisher: JRC European Commission, date published: 2024; International Energy Agency (IEA), uri: https://edgar.j… Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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