Timor-Leste: Total reserves, including gold (current US$)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2025, Timor-Leste's total reserves, including gold (current US$) rose 3.5% on 2024 (from US$779.01 million to US$806.28 million).

Across the 22 yearly changes before that (2003 to 2024), the average change was +27.2% and a typical year strayed about 64.9% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.4 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 197.6% in 2004 and the biggest yearly fall was 54.7% in 2014. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is upward, about US$49.04 million a year. A straight line explains 58% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2025, Timor-Leste had the 119th highest value of the 131 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Timor-Leste in the 2025 ranking

• Bhutan — 115th of 131: US$1.19 billion
• Maldives — 116th of 131: US$984.57 million
• San Marino — 117th of 131: US$861.24 million
• Djibouti — 119th of 131: US$655.74 million
• Samoa — 120th of 131: US$598.34 million
• Bolivia — 121st of 131: US$579.91 million

What this measures

Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

Limitations: Discrepancies may arise in the balance of payments because there is no single source for balance of payments data and therefore no way to ensure that the data are fully consistent. Sources include customs data, monetary accounts of the banking system, external debt records, information provided by enterprises, surveys to estimate service transactions, and foreign exchange records. Differences in collection methods - such as in timing, definitions of residence and ownership, and the exchange rate used to value transactions - contribute to net errors and omissions. In addition, smuggling and other illegal or quasi-legal transactions may be unrecorded or misrecorded.

All 24 values

Total reserves, including gold (current US$) in nearby economies

• Australia — US$72.63 billion (2025)
• Brunei Darussalam — US$5.49 billion (2025)
• Cambodia — US$27.52 billion (2025)
• China — US$3.75 trillion (2025)
• Fiji — US$1.66 billion (2025)
• Hong Kong SAR, China — US$425.55 billion (2023)
• Indonesia — US$156.54 billion (2025)
• Japan — US$1.37 trillion (2025)
• Korea, Rep. — US$436.57 billion (2025)
• Lao PDR

More economic policy & debt data for Timor-Leste

• Short-term debt (% of total external debt) — 0.43% (2024)
• IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, current US$) — −US$750,000 (2024)
• Adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) — 3.19% (2021)
• Adjusted savings, mineral depletion (current US$) — US$0 (2021)
• Grants, excluding technical cooperation (BoP, current US$) — US$221.69 million (2023)
• Net official development assistance and official aid received (current US$) — US$259.94 million (2023)
• Net official development assistance and official aid received (constant 2023 US$) — US$259.94 million (2023)
• Net official development assistance received (current US$) — US$259.94 million (2023)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Timor-Leste's total reserves, including gold (current US$)?

US$806.28 million in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 2002?

It is up 1,755% from US$43.47 million in 2002 (13.54% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was US$979.96 million in 2021 and the lowest US$43.47 million in 2002.

How does Timor-Leste rank?

119th highest of 131 economies with data for 2025.

Is the latest change in total reserves, including gold (current US$) unusual for Timor-Leste?

In 2025, Timor-Leste's total reserves, including gold (current US$) rose 3.5% on 2024 (from US$779.01 million to US$806.28 million). Across the 22 yearly changes before that (2003 to 2024), the average change was +27.2% and a typical year strayed about 64.9% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.4 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator FI.RES.TOTL.CD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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