Thailand's net migration was 27,509 in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 15.36% from 32,500 in 2015 (1.65% a year on average, compounded).
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 27,509 | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | 32,277 | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | 32,500 | 2015 |
| Highest | 183,471 | 1998 |
| Lowest | -2,093 | 2021 |
| Average since 2016 | 31,833 | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | 6,886 | 1960 |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Thailand's net migration rose 4,188 on 2024 (from 23,321 to 27,509).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was −3,632 and a typical year strayed about 28,262 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.3 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 80,478 in 2016 and the biggest yearly fall was 58,092 in 2010. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 30% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2025, Thailand had the 29th highest value of the 217 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Thailand | 27,509 | 2025 |
| World | 0 | 2025 |
| East Asia & Pacific | -37,630 | 2025 |
| Upper middle income | 576,949 | 2025 |
Closest to Thailand in the 2025 ranking
What this measures
Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens.
Limitations: International migration is the component of population change most difficult to measure and estimate reliably. Thus, the quality and quantity of the data used in the estimation and projection of net migration varies considerably by country. Furthermore, the movement of people across international boundaries, which is very often a response to changing socio-economic, political and environmental forces, is subject to a great deal of volatility. Refugee movements, for instance, may involve large numbers of people moving across boundaries in a short time.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a sum.
All 66 values
| Year | Net migration |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 27,509 |
| 2024 | 23,321 |
| 2023 | 19,648 |
| 2022 | 21,683 |
| 2021 | -2,093 |
| 2020 | 32,277 |
| 2019 | 5,221 |
| 2018 | 10,984 |
| 2017 | 66,805 |
| 2016 | 112,978 |
| 2015 |
Net migration in nearby economies
- American Samoa — -1,051 (2025)
- Australia — 137,109 (2025)
- Brunei Darussalam — 0 (2025)
- Cambodia — -31,469 (2025)
- China — -268,126 (2025)
- Fiji — -3,288 (2025)
- French Polynesia — -1,199 (2025)
- Guam — -493 (2025)
- Hong Kong SAR, China — 17,863 (2025)
- Indonesia — -39,509 (2025)
- Japan — 140,579 (2025)
- Kiribati — -462 (2025)
- Korea, Dem. People's Rep.
More social protection & labor data for Thailand
- Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (national estimate) — 0.6% (2025)
- Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) (national estimate) — 0.66% (2025)
- Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) (national estimate) — 0.55% (2025)
- Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of asylum — 84,017 (2025)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate) — 31.45% (2025)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (national estimate) — 42.59% (2025)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate) — 37.03% (2025)
- Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%) (national estimate)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Thailand's net migration?
- 27,509 in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1960?
- It is up 299.49% from 6,886 in 1960 (2.15% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 183,471 in 1998 and the lowest -2,093 in 2021.
- How does Thailand rank?
- 29th highest of 217 economies with data for 2025.
- Is the latest change in net migration unusual for Thailand?
- In 2025, Thailand's net migration rose 4,188 on 2024 (from 23,321 to 27,509). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was −3,632 and a typical year strayed about 28,262 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.3 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
- Where does this data come from?
- The World Bank's World Development Indicators, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), publisher: UN Population Division.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator SM.POP.NETM, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), publisher: UN Population Division Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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