Türkiye: Adequacy of social protection and labor programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2019, Türkiye's adequacy of social protection and labor programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households) rose 4.05 percentage points on 2018 (from 40.45% to 44.5%).

Across the 14 yearly changes before that (2005 to 2018), the average change was +0.78 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 2.2 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.5 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 6.91 percentage points in 2009 and the biggest yearly fall was 2.29 percentage points in 2006. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2010 to 2019 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.67 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 75% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

Closest to Türkiye in the 2019 ranking

• Poland — 1st of 4: 64.99%
• Belarus — 2nd of 4: 53.01%
• Honduras — 4th of 4: 10.61%

What this measures

Adequacy of social protection and labor programs (SPL) is measured by the total transfer amount received by the population participating in social insurance, social safety net, and unemployment benefits and active labor market programs as a share of their total welfare. Welfare is defined as the total income or total expenditure of beneficiary households. Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.

Limitations: When interpreting ASPIRE performance indicators based on household surveys, it is important to note that the extent to which information on specific transfers and programs is captured in the household surveys can vary a lot across countries. Moreover, household surveys do not capture the universe of social protection programs in the country, in best practice cases just the largest programs. As a consequence, ASPIRE indicators are not fully comparable across program categories and countries; however, they provide approximate measures of social protection systems performance.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.

All 16 values

Adequacy of social protection and labor programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households) in nearby economies

• Armenia — 40.75% (2022)
• Belarus — 53.01% (2019)
• Georgia — 42.34% (2021)
• Kyrgyz Republic — 42.2% (2020)
• Poland — 64.99% (2019)
• Ukraine — 44.65% (2020)

More social protection & labor data for Türkiye

• Net migration — -258,205 (2025)
• Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of asylum — 2.39 million (2025)
• Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of origin — 149,405 (2025)
• Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) (national estimate) — 11.28% (2025)
• Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) (national estimate) — 6.83% (2025)
• Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (national estimate) — 8.35% (2025)
• Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate) — 34.78% (2025)
• Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Türkiye's adequacy of social protection and labor programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households)?

44.5% in 2019, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 2004?

It is up 14.91 percentage points from 29.59% in 2004. The highest value was 44.5% in 2019 and the lowest 27.9% in 2008.

Is the latest change in adequacy of social protection and labor programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households) unusual for Türkiye?

In 2019, Türkiye's adequacy of social protection and labor programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households) rose 4.05 percentage points on 2018 (from 40.45% to 44.5%). Across the 14 yearly changes before that (2005 to 2018), the average change was +0.78 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 2.2 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.5 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator per_allsp.adq_pop_tot, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, World Bank (WB), uri: datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/, note: Data are based on national representative household surveys. Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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