Singapore: Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2023, Singapore's carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) did not change 0 on 2022 (from -0.07 to -0.07).

Across the 22 yearly changes before that (2001 to 2022), the average change was +0.000514 and a typical year strayed about 0.00295 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 0.007 in 2015 and the biggest yearly fall was 0.0055 in 2004. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2014 to 2023 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.00146 a year. A straight line explains 84% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

A straight-line projection, tested first

Extending that straight line gives about -0.07 for 2026. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2021 to 2023 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was 0.000928, against 0.00307 for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.

See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.

How it compares

In 2023, Singapore had the 35th highest value of the 179 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Singapore in the 2023 ranking

• Barbados — 32nd of 179: -0.05
• St. Vincent and the Grenadines — 33rd of 179: -0.06
• Antigua and Barbuda — 34th of 179: -0.06
• Palau — 36th of 179: -0.1
• Cabo Verde — 37th of 179: -0.11
• St. Kitts and Nevis — 38th of 179: -0.14

What this measures

Net flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the category "Forest land".

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a sum.

All 24 values

Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) in nearby economies

• Australia — -75.07 (2023)
• Brunei Darussalam — -4.46 (2023)
• Cambodia — -2.12 (2023)
• China — -876.83 (2023)
• Fiji — 0.56 (2023)
• Indonesia — -486.5 (2023)
• Japan — -57.77 (2023)
• Korea, Dem. People's Rep. — -19.31 (2023)
• Korea, Rep.

More environment data for Singapore

• Population in largest city — 6.16 million (2025)
• Population in the largest city (% of urban population) — 100% (2025)
• Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million — 6.16 million (2025)
• Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) — 100% (2025)
• Rural population — 0 (2025)
• Rural population (% of total population) — 0% (2025)
• Urban population — 6.11 million (2025)
• Urban population (% of total population) — 100% (2025)
• Aquaculture production (metric tons) — 3,742 (2024)
• Capture fisheries production (metric tons)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Singapore's carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e)?

-0.07 in 2023, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 2000?

It is up 13.33% from -0.08 in 2000. The highest value was -0.07 in 2022 and the lowest -0.1 in 2010.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator EN.GHG.CO2.LU.FL.MT.CE.AR5, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Carbon fluxes from land 2000–2020: bringing clarity on countries’ reporting, uri: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4643-2022, note: Data available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7190605, publisher: Earth System Science Data (ESSD) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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