San Marino's carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) was -0.01 in 2023, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is unchanged at from -0.01 in 2013.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | -0.01 | 2023 |
| Five years earlier | -0.01 | 2018 |
| Ten years earlier | -0.01 | 2013 |
| Highest | -0.004 | 2000 |
| Lowest | -0.01 | 2010 |
| Average since 2014 | -0.01 | 2014–2023 |
| First recorded | -0.004 | 2000 |
What the numbers say
In 2023, San Marino's carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) did not change 0 on 2022 (from -0.01 to -0.01).
Across the 22 yearly changes before that (2001 to 2022), the average change was −0.000295 and a typical year strayed about 0.00139 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly fall was 0.0065 in 2010. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2014 to 2023 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains less than 1% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2023, San Marino had the 28th highest value of the 179 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| San Marino | -0.01 | 2023 |
| World | -5,130 | 2023 |
| Europe & Central Asia | -1,709 | 2023 |
| High income | -2,744 | 2023 |
Closest to San Marino in the 2023 ranking
- Mozambique — 25th of 179: 0
- Tuvalu — 26th of 179: 0
- Malta — 27th of 179: -0.0001
- Liechtenstein — 29th of 179: -0.02
- Bahrain — 30th of 179: -0.03
- Syrian Arab Republic — 31st of 179: -0.04
What this measures
Net flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the category "Forest land".
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a sum.
All 24 values
| Year | Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) |
|---|---|
| 2023 | -0.0105 |
| 2022 | -0.0105 |
| 2021 | -0.0105 |
| 2020 | -0.0105 |
| 2019 | -0.0105 |
| 2018 | -0.0105 |
| 2017 | -0.0105 |
| 2016 | -0.0105 |
| 2015 | -0.0105 |
| 2014 | -0.0105 |
Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) in nearby economies
- Albania — -2.16 (2023)
- Andorra — 0.14 (2023)
- Armenia — -0.53 (2023)
- Austria — 5.14 (2023)
- Azerbaijan — -3.57 (2023)
- Belarus — -55.21 (2023)
- Belgium — -1.96 (2023)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina — -6.4 (2023)
- Bulgaria — -8.26 (2023)
More environment data for San Marino
- Rural population — 959 (2025)
- Rural population (% of total population) — 2.81% (2025)
- Urban population — 33,150 (2025)
- Urban population (% of total population) — 97.19% (2025)
- Rural population growth (annual %) — -0.73% (2025)
- Urban population growth (annual %) — 0.42% (2025)
- Agricultural land (sq. km) — 25.9 (2024)
- Agricultural land (% of land area) — 42.32% (2024)
- Arable land (hectares) — 1,257 (2024)
- Arable land (hectares per person) — 0.04 (2024)
- Arable land (% of land area)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is San Marino's carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e)?
- -0.01 in 2023, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 2000?
- It is down 162.5% from -0.004 in 2000. The highest value was -0.004 in 2000 and the lowest -0.01 in 2010.
- How does San Marino rank?
- 28th highest of 179 economies with data for 2023.
- Is the latest change in carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) unusual for San Marino?
- In 2023, San Marino's carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) did not change 0 on 2022 (from -0.01 to -0.01). Across the 22 yearly changes before that (2001 to 2022), the average change was −0.000295 and a typical year strayed about 0.00139 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator EN.GHG.CO2.LU.FL.MT.CE.AR5, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Carbon fluxes from land 2000–2020: bringing clarity on countries’ reporting, uri: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4643-2022, note: Data available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7190605, publisher: Earth System Science Data (ESSD) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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