São Tomé and Principe's adjusted net national income (annual % growth) was 4.52% in 2021, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 1.49 percentage points from 6.02% in 2011.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 4.52% | 2021 |
| Five years earlier | 23.55% | 2016 |
| Ten years earlier | 6.02% | 2011 |
| Highest | 29.56% | 2014 |
| Lowest | -24.32% | 2013 |
| Average since 2012 | 4.63% | 2012–2021 |
| First recorded | 0.14% | 2009 |
What the numbers say
In 2021, São Tomé and Principe's adjusted net national income (annual % growth) fell 4.74 percentage points on 2020 (from 9.26% to 4.52%).
Across the 11 yearly changes before that (2010 to 2020), the average change was +0.83 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 28.67 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 53.88 percentage points in 2014 and the biggest yearly fall was 46.09 percentage points in 2015. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2012 to 2021 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 2% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2021, São Tomé and Principe had the 69th highest value of the 137 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| São Tomé and Principe | 4.52% | 2021 |
| World | 5.42% | 2021 |
| Lower middle income | 8.47% | 2021 |
Closest to São Tomé and Principe in the 2021 ranking
What this measures
Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars.
Limitations: Adjusted net national income differs from the adjustments made in the calculation of adjusted net savings, by not accounting for investments in human capital or the damages from pollution. Thus, adjusted net national income remains within the boundaries of the United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA). The SNA includes non-produced natural assets (such as land, mineral resources, and forests) within the asset boundary when they are under the effective control of institutional units. The calculation of adjusted net national income, which accounts for net forest, energy, and mineral depletion, as well as consumption of fixed capital, thus remains within the SNA boundaries.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 13 values
| Year | Adjusted net national income (annual % growth) |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 4.52 |
| 2020 | 9.26 |
| 2019 | 2.53 |
| 2018 | -0.0845 |
| 2017 | 11.19 |
| 2016 | 23.55 |
| 2015 | -16.53 |
| 2014 | 29.56 |
| 2013 | -24.32 |
| 2012 | 6.58 |
| 2011 |
Adjusted net national income (annual % growth) in nearby economies
- Angola — 4.15% (2021)
- Benin — 8.3% (2021)
- Botswana — 3.22% (2021)
- Burkina Faso — -5.46% (2021)
- Cabo Verde — 7.28% (2021)
- Cameroon — -1.11% (2021)
- Central African Republic — -0.63% (2021)
- Chad — 5.95% (2021)
- Comoros — 2.2% (2021)
- Congo, Dem. Rep.
More economic policy & debt data for São Tomé and Principe
- GDP (current US$) — US$981.29 million (2025)
- GDP (current LCU) — 21.28 billion (2025)
- GDP (constant 2015 US$) — US$326.78 million (2025)
- GDP (constant LCU) — 4.28 billion (2025)
- GDP per capita (current US$) — US$4,084 (2025)
- GDP per capita (current LCU) — 88,591 (2025)
- GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$) — US$1,360 (2025)
- GDP per capita (constant LCU) — 17,810 (2025)
- GNI (current US$) — US$1.06 billion (2025)
- GNI (current LCU) — 23.04 billion (2025)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is São Tomé and Principe's adjusted net national income (annual % growth)?
- 4.52% in 2021, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 2009?
- It is up 4.38 percentage points from 0.14% in 2009. The highest value was 29.56% in 2014 and the lowest -24.32% in 2013.
- How does São Tomé and Principe rank?
- 69th highest of 137 economies with data for 2021.
- Is the latest change in adjusted net national income (annual % growth) unusual for São Tomé and Principe?
- In 2021, São Tomé and Principe's adjusted net national income (annual % growth) fell 4.74 percentage points on 2020 (from 9.26% to 4.52%). Across the 11 yearly changes before that (2010 to 2020), the average change was +0.83 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 28.67 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NY.ADJ.NNTY.KD.ZG, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB); The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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