Pre-demographic dividend: Armed forces personnel, total

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2020, Pre-demographic dividend's armed forces personnel, total fell 9.7% on 2019 (from 2.2 million to 1.99 million).

Across the 28 yearly changes before that (1990 to 2019), the average change was +1.6% and a typical year strayed about 17.2% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.7 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 57% in 1995 and the biggest yearly fall was 40.9% in 1991. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2011 to 2020 the straight-line trend is downward, about 54,742 a year. A straight line explains 38% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

See how every economy compares in the full ranking.

What this measures

Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces.

Limitations: Data excludes personnel not on active duty, therefore it underestimates the share of the labor force working for the defense establishment. The cooperation of governments of all countries listed in “The Military Balance” has been sought by IISS and, in many cases, received. However, some data in “The Military Balance” is estimated.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a sum.

All 32 values

Armed forces personnel, total in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — 165,000 (2020)
• Algeria — 326,000 (2020)
• Bahrain — 19,000 (2020)
• Djibouti — 13,000 (2020)
• Egypt, Arab Rep. — 836,000 (2020)
• Iran, Islamic Rep. — 650,000 (2020)
• Iraq — 459,000 (2020)
• Israel — 178,000 (2020)
• Jordan — 116,000 (2020)
• Kuwait — 25,000 (2020)
• Lebanon — 80,000 (2020)

More public sector data for Pre-demographic dividend

• Military expenditure (current USD) — 23.63 billion (2025)
• Military expenditure (% of GDP) — 1.53% (2025)
• Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values) — 540 million (2025)
• Armed forces personnel (% of total labor force) — 0.52% (2020)
• CPIA business regulatory environment rating (1=low to 6=high) — 2.87 (2025)
• CPIA debt policy rating (1=low to 6=high) — 3.06 (2025)
• CPIA economic management cluster average (1=low to 6=high) — 3.14 (2025)
• CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating (1=low to 6=high) — 3.1 (2025)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Pre-demographic dividend's armed forces personnel, total?

1.99 million in 2020, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1985?

It is up 24.84% from 1.59 million in 1985 (0.64% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 2.66 million in 2012 and the lowest 1.23 million in 1992.

Is the latest change in armed forces personnel, total unusual for Pre-demographic dividend?

In 2020, Pre-demographic dividend's armed forces personnel, total fell 9.7% on 2019 (from 2.2 million to 1.99 million). Across the 28 yearly changes before that (1990 to 2019), the average change was +1.6% and a typical year strayed about 17.2% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.7 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Where does this data come from?

The World Bank's World Development Indicators, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: The Military Balance, International Institute for Strategic Studies.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator MS.MIL.TOTL.P1, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: The Military Balance, International Institute for Strategic Studies Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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