Peru: Terms of trade adjustment (constant LCU)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2025, Peru's terms of trade adjustment (constant LCU) rose 40.24 billion on 2024 (from 58.01 billion to 98.25 billion).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +2.28 billion and a typical year strayed about 9.65 billion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 3.9 standard deviations above that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 40.24 billion in 2025 and the biggest yearly fall was 17.07 billion in 2022. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is upward, about 8.13 billion a year. A straight line explains 71% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2025, Peru had the 27th highest value of the 128 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Peru in the 2025 ranking

• Romania — 24th of 128: 136.19 billion
• Niger — 25th of 128: 131.51 billion
• Kyrgyz Republic — 26th of 128: 105.61 billion
• Morocco — 28th of 128: 94.31 billion
• Iceland — 29th of 128: 92.89 billion
• Singapore — 30th of 128: 91.32 billion

What this measures

The terms of trade adjustment is equal to the capacity to import (current price value of exports of goods and services deflated by the import price index) less exports of goods and services in constant prices. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment varies by country. This series is expressed in local currency units.

All 66 values

Terms of trade adjustment (constant LCU) in nearby economies

• Argentina — 59.64 billion (2025)
• Bahamas, The — -297.96 million (2024)
• Belize — 57.92 million (2024)
• Bolivia — 2.48 billion (2024)
• Brazil — -50.96 billion (2025)
• Chile — 15.42 trillion (2025)
• Colombia — 43.29 trillion (2025)
• Costa Rica — 1.37 trillion (2025)
• Cuba — -3.15 billion (2024)
• Dominican Republic — 73.4 billion (2025)

More economic policy & debt data for Peru

• Total reserves, including gold (current US$) — US$90.39 billion (2025)
• Total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) — US$85.53 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$43.78 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (current LCU) — 156.16 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) — US$35.82 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (constant LCU) — 85.45 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) — 13.07% (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$195.77 billion (2025)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
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• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Peru's terms of trade adjustment (constant LCU)?

98.25 billion in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1960?

It is up 1,835% from -5.66 billion in 1960. The highest value was 98.25 billion in 2025 and the lowest -24.68 billion in 2003.

How does Peru rank?

27th highest of 128 economies with data for 2025.

Is the latest change in terms of trade adjustment (constant LCU) unusual for Peru?

In 2025, Peru's terms of trade adjustment (constant LCU) rose 40.24 billion on 2024 (from 58.01 billion to 98.25 billion). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +2.28 billion and a typical year strayed about 9.65 billion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 3.9 standard deviations above that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NY.TTF.GNFS.KN, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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