Peru: Adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2021, Peru's adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) fell 0.27 percentage points on 2020 (from 3.78% to 3.51%).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1991 to 2020), the average change was +0.04 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.18 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.7 standard deviations below that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 0.6 percentage points in 1980 and the biggest yearly fall was 0.47 percentage points in 1971. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2012 to 2021 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.12 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 80% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

A straight-line projection, tested first

Extending that straight line gives about 4.11% for 2024. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2019 to 2021 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was 0.14%, against 0.3% for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.

See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.

How it compares

In 2021, Peru had the 121st highest value of the 199 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Peru in the 2021 ranking

• Togo — 117th of 199: 3.57%
• Angola — 118th of 199: 3.57%
• Zambia — 119th of 199: 3.56%
• São Tomé and Principe — 121st of 199: 3.48%
• Suriname — 122nd of 199: 3.44%
• Romania — 123rd of 199: 3.4%

What this measures

Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.

Limitations: Public education expenditures are considered an addition to savings. However, because of the wide variability in the effectiveness of public education expenditures, these figures cannot be construed as the value of investments in human capital. A current expenditure of $1 on education does not necessarily yield $1 of human capital. The calculation should also consider private education expenditure, but data are not available for a large number of countries.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.

All 52 values

Adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) in nearby economies

• Antigua and Barbuda — 2.25% (2021)
• Argentina — 5.04% (2021)
• Aruba — 5.75% (2021)
• Bahamas, The — 3.84% (2021)
• Barbados — 6.37% (2021)
• Belize — 6.39% (2021)
• Bolivia — 6.08% (2021)
• Brazil — 5.95% (2021)
• Chile — 5.53% (2021)
• Colombia

More economic policy & debt data for Peru

• Total reserves, including gold (current US$) — US$90.39 billion (2025)
• Total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) — US$85.53 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$43.78 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (current LCU) — 156.16 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) — US$35.82 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (constant LCU) — 85.45 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) — 13.07% (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$195.77 billion (2025)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Peru's adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI)?

3.51% in 2021, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1970?

It is up 0.33 percentage points from 3.17% in 1970. The highest value was 3.78% in 2020 and the lowest 2.2% in 1979.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NY.ADJ.AEDU.GN.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB); Statistical Yearbook, United Nations (UN), publisher: UN Statistics Division; Online database, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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