Netherlands's merchandise trade (% of GDP) was 139.54% in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 0.01 percentage points from 139.55% in 2015.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 139.54% | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | 136.15% | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | 139.55% | 2015 |
| Highest | 177.75% | 2022 |
| Lowest | 67.18% | 1967 |
| Average since 2016 | 147.6% | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | 75.01% | 1960 |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Netherlands' merchandise trade (% of GDP) fell 3.57 percentage points on 2024 (from 143.1% to 139.54%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +2.04 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 10.55 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.5 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 26.26 percentage points in 2022 and the biggest yearly fall was 21.11 percentage points in 2023. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 8% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2025, Netherlands had the 10th highest value of the 188 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | 139.54% | 2025 |
| World | 43.89% | 2025 |
| Europe & Central Asia | 62.17% | 2025 |
| High income | 45.19% | 2025 |
Closest to Netherlands in the 2025 ranking
What this measures
General merchandise trade includes goods whose economic ownership is changed between a resident and a non-resident and that are not included in the following specific categories: goods under merchanting, non-monetary gold, and parts of travel, construction, and government goods and services n.i.e. It is the total of merchandise exports plus merchandise imports. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 66 values
| Year | Merchandise trade (% of GDP) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 139.54 |
| 2024 | 143.1 |
| 2023 | 156.64 |
| 2022 | 177.75 |
| 2021 | 151.49 |
| 2020 | 136.15 |
| 2019 | 144.72 |
| 2018 | 147.59 |
| 2017 | 144.62 |
| 2016 | 134.4 |
| 2015 |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) in nearby economies
More private sector & trade data for Netherlands
- Merchandise imports (current US$) — US$870.44 billion (2025)
- Merchandise exports (current US$) — US$989.24 billion (2025)
- Agricultural raw materials imports (% of merchandise imports) — 1.36% (2025)
- Food imports (% of merchandise imports) — 14.45% (2025)
- Fuel imports (% of merchandise imports) — 13.34% (2025)
- Manufactures imports (% of merchandise imports) — 65.39% (2025)
- Ores and metals imports (% of merchandise imports) — 2.61% (2025)
- Merchandise imports from economies in the Arab World (% of total merchandise imports) — 2.6% (2023)
- Merchandise imports from high-income economies (% of total merchandise imports)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Netherlands's merchandise trade (% of GDP)?
- 139.54% in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1960?
- It is up 64.53 percentage points from 75.01% in 1960. The highest value was 177.75% in 2022 and the lowest 67.18% in 1967.
- How does Netherlands rank?
- 10th highest of 188 economies with data for 2025.
- Is the latest change in merchandise trade (% of GDP) unusual for Netherlands?
- In 2025, Netherlands' merchandise trade (% of GDP) fell 3.57 percentage points on 2024 (from 143.1% to 139.54%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +2.04 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 10.55 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.5 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator TG.VAL.TOTL.GD.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: World Trade Organization (WTO); World Bank GDP estimates, World Bank (WB); World Development Indicators, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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