Nepal's net incurrence of liabilities, total (current LCU) was 303.12 billion in 2021, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 1,181% from 23.66 billion in 2011 (29.05% a year on average, compounded).
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 303.12 billion | 2021 |
| Five years earlier | 56.85 billion | 2016 |
| Ten years earlier | 23.66 billion | 2011 |
| Highest | 312.87 billion | 2020 |
| Lowest | -35.13 billion | 2013 |
| Average since 2012 | 104.75 billion | 2012–2021 |
| First recorded | 7.01 billion |
What the numbers say
In 2021, Nepal's net incurrence of liabilities, total (current LCU) fell 9.76 billion on 2020 (from 312.87 billion to 303.12 billion).
Across the 23 yearly changes before that (1998 to 2020), the average change was +13.23 billion and a typical year strayed about 44.96 billion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.5 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 158.43 billion in 2020 and the biggest yearly fall was 40.23 billion in 2019. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2012 to 2021 the straight-line trend is upward, about 40.15 billion a year. A straight line explains 88% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
Closest to Nepal in the 2021 ranking
- Bangladesh — 1st of 9: 1.51 trillion
- Cameroon — 2nd of 9: 593.86 billion
- Burundi — 4th of 9: 181.93 billion
- Congo, Rep. — 5th of 9: 119.5 billion
- Peru — 6th of 9: 52.7 billion
What this measures
Net incurrence of government liabilities includes foreign financing (obtained from nonresidents) and domestic financing (obtained from residents), or the means by which a government provides financial resources to cover a budget deficit or allocates financial resources arising from a budget surplus. The net incurrence of liabilities should be offset by the net acquisition of financial assets. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This series is expressed in local currency units.
Limitations: For most countries central government finance data have been consolidated into one account, but for others only budgetary central government accounts are available. Countries reporting budgetary data are noted in the country metadata. Because budgetary accounts may not include all central government units (such as social security funds), they usually provide an incomplete picture. In federal states the central government accounts provide an incomplete view of total public finance. Data on government revenue and expense are collected by the IMF through questionnaires to member countries and by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
All 26 values
| Year | Net incurrence of liabilities, total (current LCU) |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 303,116,900,000 |
| 2020 | 312,872,800,000 |
| 2019 | 154,446,805,912 |
| 2018 | 194,677,419,345 |
| 2017 | 70,193,249,997 |
| 2016 | 56,847,135,000 |
| 2015 | 3,496,571,410 |
| 2014 | -3,895,368,000 |
| 2013 | -35,130,171,000 |
| 2012 | -9,076,191,000 |
Net incurrence of liabilities, total (current LCU) in nearby economies
- Bangladesh — 1.51 trillion (2021)
- Bhutan — 11.71 billion (2020)
- India — 17.63 trillion (2022)
- Maldives — 12.04 billion (2021)
- Sri Lanka — 2.77 trillion (2023)
More public sector data for Nepal
- Military expenditure (current USD) — 428.29 million (2025)
- Military expenditure (current LCU) — 59.7 billion (2025)
- Military expenditure (% of GDP) — 0.97% (2025)
- Grants and other revenue (current LCU) — 161.95 billion (2023)
- Grants and other revenue (% of revenue) — 17.79% (2023)
- Revenue, excluding grants (current LCU) — 887.36 billion (2023)
- Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) — 16.53% (2023)
- Taxes on exports (current LCU) — 350.12 million (2023)
- Taxes on exports (% of tax revenue) — 0.05% (2023)
- Taxes on goods and services (current LCU) — 345.78 billion (2023)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Nepal's net incurrence of liabilities, total (current LCU)?
- 303.12 billion in 2021, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1990?
- It is up 4,222% from 7.01 billion in 1990 (12.92% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 312.87 billion in 2020 and the lowest -35.13 billion in 2013.
- Is the latest change in net incurrence of liabilities, total (current LCU) unusual for Nepal?
- In 2021, Nepal's net incurrence of liabilities, total (current LCU) fell 9.76 billion on 2020 (from 312.87 billion to 303.12 billion). Across the 23 yearly changes before that (1998 to 2020), the average change was +13.23 billion and a typical year strayed about 44.96 billion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.5 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
- Where does this data come from?
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator GC.LBL.TOTL.CN, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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