Nepal's merchandise trade (% of GDP) was 36.73% in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 6.46 percentage points from 30.27% in 2015.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 36.73% | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | 32.04% | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | 30.27% | 2015 |
| Highest | 47.6% | 2021 |
| Lowest | 4.89% | 1961 |
| Average since 2016 | 37.36% | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | 10.82% | 1960 |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Nepal's merchandise trade (% of GDP) rose 5.25 percentage points on 2024 (from 31.48% to 36.73%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was −0.19 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 5.44 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.0 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 18.32 percentage points in 1963 and the biggest yearly fall was 11.1 percentage points in 2022. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 16% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2025, Nepal had the 146th highest value of the 188 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Nepal | 36.73% | 2025 |
| World | 43.89% | 2025 |
| South Asia | 30.04% | 2025 |
| Lower middle income | 35.72% | 2025 |
Closest to Nepal in the 2025 ranking
- Samoa — 143rd of 188: 38.12%
- United Kingdom — 144th of 188: 37.59%
- St. Kitts and Nevis — 145th of 188: 37.52%
- Benin — 147th of 188: 36.39%
- Indonesia — 148th of 188: 36.3%
- Myanmar — 149th of 188: 36.28%
What this measures
General merchandise trade includes goods whose economic ownership is changed between a resident and a non-resident and that are not included in the following specific categories: goods under merchanting, non-monetary gold, and parts of travel, construction, and government goods and services n.i.e. It is the total of merchandise exports plus merchandise imports. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 66 values
| Year | Merchandise trade (% of GDP) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 36.73 |
| 2024 | 31.48 |
| 2023 | 32.06 |
| 2022 | 36.5 |
| 2021 | 47.6 |
| 2020 | 32.04 |
| 2019 | 38.93 |
| 2018 | 40.77 |
| 2017 | 38.27 |
| 2016 | 39.27 |
| 2015 |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) in nearby economies
- Bangladesh — 25.76% (2025)
- Bhutan — 83.28% (2025)
- India — 30.3% (2025)
- Maldives — 52.49% (2025)
- Sri Lanka — 32.22% (2025)
More private sector & trade data for Nepal
- Merchandise imports (current US$) — US$14.4 billion (2025)
- Merchandise exports (current US$) — US$2.31 billion (2025)
- Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service imports) — 8.48% (2025)
- Commercial service imports (current US$) — US$2.5 billion (2025)
- Transport services (% of commercial service imports) — 21% (2025)
- Travel services (% of commercial service imports) — 65.62% (2025)
- Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service exports) — 42.86% (2025)
- Commercial service exports (current US$) — US$1.58 billion (2025)
- Transport services (% of commercial service exports)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Nepal's merchandise trade (% of GDP)?
- 36.73% in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1960?
- It is up 25.91 percentage points from 10.82% in 1960. The highest value was 47.6% in 2021 and the lowest 4.89% in 1961.
- How does Nepal rank?
- 146th highest of 188 economies with data for 2025.
- Is the latest change in merchandise trade (% of GDP) unusual for Nepal?
- In 2025, Nepal's merchandise trade (% of GDP) rose 5.25 percentage points on 2024 (from 31.48% to 36.73%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was −0.19 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 5.44 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.0 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator TG.VAL.TOTL.GD.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: World Trade Organization (WTO); World Bank GDP estimates, World Bank (WB); World Development Indicators, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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