Madagascar: Reserves and related items (current US$, BoP)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2025, Madagascar's reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) fell US$104.39 million on 2024 (from US$11.88 million to −US$92.51 million).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +US$9.61 million and a typical year strayed about US$545.93 million from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was US$2.03 billion in 2007 and the biggest yearly fall was US$1.82 billion in 2006. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is downward, about US$40.98 million a year. A straight line explains 35% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2025, Madagascar had the 108th highest value of the 134 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Madagascar in the 2025 ranking

• Kosovo — 105th of 134: −US$55.6 million
• Sri Lanka — 106th of 134: −US$56.59 million
• Zambia — 107th of 134: −US$56.6 million
• Suriname — 109th of 134: −US$175.6 million
• Gambia, The — 110th of 134: −US$179.5 million
• Egypt, Arab Rep. — 111th of 134: −US$287.3 million

What this measures

Reserves and related items is the net change in a country's holdings of international reserves resulting from transactions on the current, capital, and financial accounts. Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency.Also included are net credit and loans from the IMF (excluding reserve position) and total exceptional financing. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

All 52 values

Reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) in nearby economies

• Angola — −US$937.09 million (2025)
• Benin — −US$1.22 billion (2023)
• Botswana — −US$305.79 million (2025)
• Burkina Faso — US$585.19 million (2024)
• Burundi — US$21.67 million (2025)
• Cabo Verde — US$369.03 million (2025)
• Cameroon — US$482.23 million (2024)
• Comoros — −US$7.66 million (2023)
• Congo, Dem. Rep. — US$839.97 million (2025)
• Congo, Rep.

More economic policy & debt data for Madagascar

• General government final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$2.87 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (current LCU) — 12.99 trillion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) — US$1.53 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (constant LCU) — 2.01 trillion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) — 14.61% (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$14.29 billion (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (current LCU) — 64.71 trillion (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
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Questions people ask

What is Madagascar's reserves and related items (current US$, BoP)?

−US$92.51 million in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1974?

It is down 183.84% from −US$32.59 million in 1974. The highest value was US$304.96 million in 2021 and the lowest −US$1.87 billion in 2006.

How does Madagascar rank?

108th highest of 134 economies with data for 2025.

Is the latest change in reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) unusual for Madagascar?

In 2025, Madagascar's reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) fell US$104.39 million on 2024 (from US$11.88 million to −US$92.51 million). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +US$9.61 million and a typical year strayed about US$545.93 million from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator BN.RES.INCL.CD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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