Lower middle income: Services, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2025, Lower middle income's services, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$) rose US$356.15 on 2024 (from US$7,984 to US$8,340).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +US$137.63 and a typical year strayed about US$83.47 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 2.6 standard deviations above that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was US$356.15 in 2025 and the biggest yearly fall was US$60.62 in 2020. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is upward, about US$117.77 a year. A straight line explains 92% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

A straight-line projection, tested first

Extending that straight line gives about US$8,471 for 2028. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2023 to 2025 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was US$82.13, against US$256.84 for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.

See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.

How it compares

See how every economy compares in the full ranking.

What this measures

Services industries correspond to ISIC (Rev. 4) divisions 45-99 and includes wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, hotels and restaurants, transport, storage and communication, financial intermediation, real estate, renting and business activities, public administration and defence, compulsory social security, education, health and social work, other community, social and personal service activities, private households with employed persons, and extra-territorial organizations and bodies. Value added is the contribution to the economy by a producer or an industry or an institutional sector, which is estimated by the total value of output produced and deducting the total value of intermediate consumption of goods and services used to produce that output. The core indicator has been divided by the number of workers in the economy to derive a measure of labor productivity. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2015. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

Limitations: For comparability of individual sectors labor productivity is estimated according to national accounts conventions. However, there are still significant limitations on the availability of reliable data. Information on consistent series of output is not easily available, especially in low- and middle-income countries, because the definition, coverage, and methodology are not always consistent across countries. For more details, see Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant 2015 US$) [NV.AGR.TOTL.KD], Industry (including construction), value added (constant 2015 US$) [NV.IND.TOTL.KD], and Services, value added (constant 2015 US$) [NV.SRV.TOTL.KD].

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.

All 35 values

Services, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$) in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — US$2,796 (2024)
• Algeria — US$17,929 (2025)
• Bahrain — US$44,329 (2025)
• Djibouti — US$16,748 (2025)
• Egypt, Arab Rep. — US$15,352 (2025)
• Iran, Islamic Rep. — US$19,317 (2025)
• Iraq — US$17,041 (2025)
• Israel — US$75,521 (2024)
• Jordan — US$13,684 (2025)
• Kuwait

More economic policy & debt data for Lower middle income

• General government final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$877.94 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) — US$770.63 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) — 12.01% (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$5.35 trillion (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) — US$5.26 trillion (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2015 US$) — US$1,785 (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) — 73.21% (2025)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Lower middle income's services, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$)?

US$8,340 in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1991?

It is up 117.93% from US$3,827 in 1991 (2.32% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was US$8,340 in 2025 and the lowest US$3,827 in 1991.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NV.SRV.EMPL.KD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: World Development Indicators database, World Bank (WB); ILOSTAT database, International Labour Organization (ILO) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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