Lower middle income: Net financial flows, multilateral (NFL, current US$)

Key figures

Over five years it is up 24.06% from US$27.07 billion in 2019 (4.41% a year on average, compounded). Since 1970 it is up 8,636% from US$384.38 million in 1970 (8.63% a year on average, compounded).

What the numbers say

In 2024, Lower middle income's net financial flows, multilateral (NFL, current US$) fell US$825.09 million on 2023 (from US$34.4 billion to US$33.58 billion).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1994 to 2023), the average change was +US$936.01 million and a typical year strayed about US$4.77 billion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.4 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was US$15.44 billion in 2020 and the biggest yearly fall was US$14.63 billion in 2021. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2015 to 2024 the straight-line trend is upward, about US$2.29 billion a year. A straight line explains 63% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

What this measures

Public and publicly guaranteed multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a sum.

All 55 values

Net financial flows, multilateral (NFL, current US$) in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — −US$27.14 million (2024)
• Algeria — −US$64.84 million (2024)
• Djibouti — US$32.43 million (2024)
• Egypt, Arab Rep. — US$81.26 million (2024)
• Iran, Islamic Rep. — −US$5.16 million (2024)
• Iraq — −US$273.14 million (2024)
• Jordan — US$1.17 billion (2024)
• Lebanon — US$180.48 million (2024)
• Morocco — US$1.45 billion (2024)
• Pakistan — US$1.61 billion (2024)
• Syrian Arab Republic — US$0 (2024)
• Tunisia — US$1.13 billion (2024)
• Yemen, Rep. — −US$82.01 million (2024)

More economic policy & debt data for Lower middle income

• General government final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$877.94 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) — US$770.63 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) — 12.01% (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$5.35 trillion (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) — US$5.26 trillion (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2015 US$) — US$1,785 (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) — 73.21% (2025)
• Final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$5.92 trillion (2025)
• Final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) — US$5.65 trillion (2025)
• Gross national expenditure (current US$) — US$8.19 trillion (2025)
• Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$) — US$7.64 trillion (2025)
• Exports of goods and services (current US$) — US$1.7 trillion (2025)
• Exports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$) — US$1.5 trillion (2025)
• Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) — 23.23% (2025)
• Gross fixed capital formation (current US$) — US$2.11 trillion (2025)

Every indicator for Lower middle income is on the Lower middle income data page.

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Questions people ask

What is Lower middle income's net financial flows, multilateral (NFL, current US$)?

US$33.58 billion in 2024, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1970?

It is up 8,636% from US$384.38 million in 1970 (8.63% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was US$42.5 billion in 2020 and the lowest −US$572.88 million in 2003.

Is the latest change in net financial flows, multilateral (NFL, current US$) unusual for Lower middle income?

In 2024, Lower middle income's net financial flows, multilateral (NFL, current US$) fell US$825.09 million on 2023 (from US$34.4 billion to US$33.58 billion). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1994 to 2023), the average change was +US$936.01 million and a typical year strayed about US$4.77 billion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.4 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Where does this data come from?

The World Bank's World Development Indicators, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: International Debt Statistics, World Bank (WB).

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator DT.NFL.MLAT.CD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: International Debt Statistics, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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