Jamaica's adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) was 5.22% in 2021, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 1.21 percentage points from 6.43% in 2011.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 5.22% | 2021 |
| Five years earlier | 5.4% | 2016 |
| Ten years earlier | 6.43% | 2011 |
| Highest | 7.11% | 1983 |
| Lowest | 2.58% | 1970 |
| Average since 2012 | 5.61% | 2012–2021 |
| First recorded | 2.58% | 1970 |
What the numbers say
In 2021, Jamaica's adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) did not change 0 percentage points on 2020 (from 5.22% to 5.22%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1991 to 2020), the average change was +0.03 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.6 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.1 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 1.56 percentage points in 2008 and the biggest yearly fall was 1.2 percentage points in 1985. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2012 to 2021 the straight-line trend is downward, about 0.13 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 78% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
A straight-line projection, tested first
Extending that straight line gives about 4.66% for 2024. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2019 to 2021 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was 0.08%, against 0.29% for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.
See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.
How it compares
In 2021, Jamaica had the 43rd highest value of the 199 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
Closest to Jamaica in the 2021 ranking
- Mozambique — 40th of 199: 5.38%
- Cyprus — 41st of 199: 5.36%
- Kyrgyz Republic — 42nd of 199: 5.29%
- Cabo Verde — 44th of 199: 5.21%
- Morocco — 45th of 199: 5.2%
- Burundi — 46th of 199: 5.18%
What this measures
Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.
Limitations: Public education expenditures are considered an addition to savings. However, because of the wide variability in the effectiveness of public education expenditures, these figures cannot be construed as the value of investments in human capital. A current expenditure of $1 on education does not necessarily yield $1 of human capital. The calculation should also consider private education expenditure, but data are not available for a large number of countries.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 52 values
| Year | Adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 5.22 |
| 2020 | 5.22 |
| 2019 | 5.22 |
| 2018 | 5.52 |
| 2017 | 5.26 |
| 2016 | 5.4 |
| 2015 | 5.5 |
| 2014 | 6.14 |
| 2013 | 6.27 |
| 2012 | 6.31 |
| 2011 |
Adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) in nearby economies
- Antigua and Barbuda — 2.25% (2021)
- Argentina — 5.04% (2021)
- Aruba — 5.75% (2021)
- Bahamas, The — 3.84% (2021)
- Barbados — 6.37% (2021)
- Belize — 6.39% (2021)
- Bolivia — 6.08% (2021)
- Brazil — 5.95% (2021)
- Chile — 5.53% (2021)
- Colombia
More economic policy & debt data for Jamaica
- Total reserves, including gold (current US$) — US$6.3 billion (2025)
- Total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) — US$6.3 billion (2025)
- Gross Value Added (GVA) at basic prices (current US$) — US$19.27 billion (2025)
- Gross Value Added (GVA) at basic prices (current LCU) — 3.07 trillion (2025)
- GDP (current US$) — US$22.7 billion (2025)
- GDP (current LCU) — 3.61 trillion (2025)
- GDP per capita (current US$) — US$8,003 (2025)
- GDP per capita (current LCU) — 1.27 million (2025)
- GNI (current US$) — US$22.36 billion (2025)
- GNI (current LCU) — 3.56 trillion (2025)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Jamaica's adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI)?
- 5.22% in 2021, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1970?
- It is up 2.65 percentage points from 2.58% in 1970. The highest value was 7.11% in 1983 and the lowest 2.58% in 1970.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NY.ADJ.AEDU.GN.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB); Statistical Yearbook, United Nations (UN), publisher: UN Statistics Division; Online database, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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