Ireland's net secondary income (current US$, BoP) was −US$5.97 billion in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 61.01% from −US$3.71 billion in 2015.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | −US$5.97 billion | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | −US$4.37 billion | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | −US$3.71 billion | 2015 |
| Highest | US$284.98 million | 2005 |
| Lowest | −US$5.97 billion | 2025 |
| Average since 2016 | −US$4.7 billion | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | US$284.98 million |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Ireland's net secondary income (current US$, BoP) fell US$703.18 million on 2024 (from −US$5.26 billion to −US$5.97 billion).
Across the 19 yearly changes before that (2006 to 2024), the average change was −US$292.08 million and a typical year strayed about US$572.21 million from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.7 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was US$711.42 million in 2017 and the biggest yearly fall was US$1.67 billion in 2012. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is downward, about US$223.11 million a year. A straight line explains 80% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
A straight-line projection, tested first
Extending that straight line gives about −US$6.23 billion for 2028. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2023 to 2025 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was US$370.43 million, against US$535.22 million for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.
See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.
How it compares
In 2025, Ireland had the 118th highest value of the 136 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
Closest to Ireland in the 2025 ranking
What this measures
Net secondary income (from abroad) comprises transfers of income between residents of the reporting country and the rest of the world that carry no provisions for repayment. Net secondary income is equal to the unrequited transfers of income from nonresidents to residents minus the unrequited transfers from residents to nonresidents. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Limitations: Discrepancies may arise in the balance of payments because there is no single source for balance of payments data and therefore no way to ensure that the data are fully consistent. Sources include customs data, monetary accounts of the banking system, external debt records, information provided by enterprises, surveys to estimate service transactions, and foreign exchange records. Differences in collection methods - such as in timing, definitions of residence and ownership, and the exchange rate used to value transactions - contribute to net errors and omissions. In addition, smuggling and other illegal or quasi-legal transactions may be unrecorded or misrecorded.
All 21 values
| Year | Net secondary income (current US$, BoP) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | -5,967,630,741 |
| 2024 | -5,264,453,568 |
| 2023 | -5,245,571,415 |
| 2022 | -4,957,334,287 |
| 2021 | -5,240,197,454 |
| 2020 | -4,366,102,463 |
| 2019 | -3,908,013,657 |
| 2018 | -4,333,053,791 |
| 2017 | -3,495,578,456 |
| 2016 | -4,206,993,458 |
Net secondary income (current US$, BoP) in nearby economies
- Albania — US$1.54 billion (2025)
- Armenia — US$507.37 million (2025)
- Austria — −US$4.26 billion (2025)
- Azerbaijan — US$742.14 million (2025)
- Belarus — US$971.67 million (2025)
- Belgium — −US$7.37 billion (2025)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina — US$3.22 billion (2025)
- Bulgaria — US$1.53 billion (2025)
- Croatia — US$2.64 billion (2025)
- Cyprus — −US$386.29 million (2025)
More economic policy & debt data for Ireland
- Total reserves, including gold (current US$) — US$13.66 billion (2025)
- Total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) — US$11.97 billion (2025)
- GDP (current US$) — US$721.7 billion (2025)
- GDP (current LCU) — 638.68 billion (2025)
- GDP (constant 2015 US$) — US$572.66 billion (2025)
- GDP (constant LCU) — 535.98 billion (2025)
- GDP per capita (current US$) — US$131,592 (2025)
- GDP per capita (current LCU) — 116,455 (2025)
- GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$) — US$104,417 (2025)
- GDP per capita (constant LCU) — 97,728 (2025)
- GNI (current US$)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Ireland's net secondary income (current US$, BoP)?
- −US$5.97 billion in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 2005?
- It is down 2,194% from US$284.98 million in 2005. The highest value was US$284.98 million in 2005 and the lowest −US$5.97 billion in 2025.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator BN.TRF.CURR.CD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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