Iraq: General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2024, Iraq's general government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) rose 19% on 2023 (from US$48 billion to US$57.14 billion).

Across the 16 yearly changes before that (2008 to 2023), the average change was +4.8% and a typical year strayed about 13.6% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.0 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 32% in 2011 and the biggest yearly fall was 23.8% in 2015. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2015 to 2024 the straight-line trend is upward, about US$2.63 billion a year. A straight line explains 86% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2024, Iraq had the 4th highest value of the 29 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Iraq in the 2024 ranking

• United States — 1st of 29: US$3.03 trillion
• Japan — 2nd of 29: US$999.41 billion
• New Zealand — 4th of 29: US$44.88 billion
• Kuwait — 5th of 29: US$37.37 billion
• Kazakhstan — 6th of 29: US$27.69 billion

What this measures

Final consumption expenditure is expenditure on goods and services by resident institutional units for the direct satisfaction of human needs or wants, whether individual or collective. General government FCE includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees), and most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2015. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

Limitations: Because policymakers have tended to focus on fostering the growth of output, and because data on production are easier to collect than data on spending, many countries generate their primary estimate of GDP using the production approach. Moreover, many countries do not estimate all the components of national expenditures but instead derive some of the main aggregates indirectly using GDP (based on the production approach) as the control total. Measures of growth in consumption and capital formation are subject to two kinds of inaccuracy. The first stems from the difficulty of measuring expenditures at current price levels.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a gap-filled total.

All 18 values

General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) in nearby economies

• Algeria — US$46.72 billion (2025)
• Bahrain — US$6.74 billion (2024)
• Djibouti — US$682.23 million (2025)
• Egypt, Arab Rep. — US$48.08 billion (2025)
• Iran, Islamic Rep. — US$68.4 billion (2025)
• Israel — US$102.06 billion (2025)
• Kuwait — US$37.37 billion (2024)
• Lebanon — US$1.21 billion (2024)
• Libya

More economic policy & debt data for Iraq

• Total reserves, including gold (current US$) — US$98.45 billion (2025)
• Total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) — US$73.93 billion (2025)
• GDP (current US$) — US$254.37 billion (2025)
• GDP (current LCU) — 330.68 trillion (2025)
• GDP (constant 2015 US$) — US$188.32 billion (2025)
• GDP (constant LCU) — 207.34 trillion (2025)
• GDP per capita (current US$) — US$5,410 (2025)
• GDP per capita (current LCU) — 7.03 million (2025)
• GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$) — US$4,005 (2025)
• GDP per capita (constant LCU) — 4.41 million (2025)
• GNI (current US$) — US$254.8 billion (2025)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Iraq's general government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$)?

US$57.14 billion in 2024, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 2007?

It is up 120.13% from US$25.96 billion in 2007 (4.75% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was US$57.14 billion in 2024 and the lowest US$25.96 billion in 2007.

How does Iraq rank?

4th highest of 29 economies with data for 2024.

Is the latest change in general government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) unusual for Iraq?

In 2024, Iraq's general government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) rose 19% on 2023 (from US$48 billion to US$57.14 billion). Across the 16 yearly changes before that (2008 to 2023), the average change was +4.8% and a typical year strayed about 13.6% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.0 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NE.CON.GOVT.KD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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