High income: Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2023, High income's carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) rose 26.92 on 2022 (from -2,771 to -2,744).

Across the 22 yearly changes before that (2001 to 2022), the average change was +20.72 and a typical year strayed about 212.29 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.0 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 383.36 in 2012 and the biggest yearly fall was 444.81 in 2013. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2014 to 2023 the straight-line trend is upward, about 28.39 a year. A straight line explains 32% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

See how every economy compares in the full ranking.

What this measures

Net flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the category "Forest land".

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a sum.

All 24 values

Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — 4.03 (2023)
• Algeria — -10.15 (2023)
• Bahrain — -0.03 (2023)
• Djibouti — -7 (2023)
• Iran, Islamic Rep. — -49.99 (2023)
• Israel — -0.26 (2023)
• Jordan — -0.92 (2023)
• Kuwait — 0.13 (2023)
• Lebanon — -2.05 (2023)

More environment data for High income

• Population in the largest city (% of urban population) — 18.97% (2025)
• Rural population — 281.21 million (2025)
• Rural population (% of total population) — 19.75% (2025)
• Urban population — 1.14 billion (2025)
• Urban population (% of total population) — 80.25% (2025)
• Electric power transmission and distribution losses (% of output) — 5.41% (2024)
• Fossil fuel energy consumption (% of total) — 79.77% (2024)
• Aquaculture production (metric tons) — 9.36 million (2024)
• Capture fisheries production (metric tons) — 28.24 million (2024)

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Questions people ask

What is High income's carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e)?

-2,744 in 2023, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 2000?

It is up 14.96% from -3,227 in 2000. The highest value was -2,450 in 2021 and the lowest -3,560 in 2009.

Is the latest change in carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) unusual for High income?

In 2023, High income's carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e) rose 26.92 on 2022 (from -2,771 to -2,744). Across the 22 yearly changes before that (2001 to 2022), the average change was +20.72 and a typical year strayed about 212.29 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.0 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator EN.GHG.CO2.LU.FL.MT.CE.AR5, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Carbon fluxes from land 2000–2020: bringing clarity on countries’ reporting, uri: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4643-2022, note: Data available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7190605, publisher: Earth System Science Data (ESSD) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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