Europe & Central Asia: Social contributions (% of revenue)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2024, Europe & Central Asia's social contributions (% of revenue) rose 0.51 percentage points on 2023 (from 30.72% to 31.23%).

Across the 29 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2023), the average change was −0.06 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.95 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.6 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 2.07 percentage points in 2009 and the biggest yearly fall was 1.81 percentage points in 1995. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2015 to 2024 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 23% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

What this measures

Social contributions are actual or imputed contributions payable to social insurance schemes to make provisions for social benefits to be paid. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of revenue which includes all transactions that add to the amount of economic value of a unit or sector.

Limitations: For most countries central government finance data have been consolidated into one account, but for others only budgetary central government accounts are available. Countries reporting budgetary data are noted in the country metadata. Because budgetary accounts may not include all central government units (such as social security funds), they usually provide an incomplete picture. In federal states the central government accounts provide an incomplete view of total public finance. Data on government revenue and expense are collected by the IMF through questionnaires to member countries and by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a median.

All 31 values

Social contributions (% of revenue) in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — 0.6% (2017)
• Israel — 16% (2024)
• Jordan — 0.06% (2023)
• Lebanon — 0.00767% (2024)
• Malta — 15.26% (2024)
• United Arab Emirates — 9.03% (2024)

More public sector data for Europe & Central Asia

• Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values) — 14.57 billion (2025)
• Military expenditure (% of GDP) — 2.83% (2025)
• Arms exports (SIPRI trend indicator values) — 12.82 billion (2025)
• Net investment in nonfinancial assets (% of GDP) — 1.79% (2024)
• Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) — -2.54% (2024)
• Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) — 34.65% (2024)
• Tax revenue (% of GDP) — 19.66% (2024)
• Expense (% of GDP) — 38.92% (2023)
• Military expenditure (% of general government expenditure)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Europe & Central Asia's social contributions (% of revenue)?

31.23% in 2024, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1994?

It is down 1.18 percentage points from 32.41% in 1994. The highest value was 33.37% in 2009 and the lowest 29.69% in 2016.

Is the latest change in social contributions (% of revenue) unusual for Europe & Central Asia?

In 2024, Europe & Central Asia's social contributions (% of revenue) rose 0.51 percentage points on 2023 (from 30.72% to 31.23%). Across the 29 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2023), the average change was −0.06 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.95 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.6 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Where does this data come from?

The World Bank's World Development Indicators, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator GC.REV.SOCL.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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