Environment · Eswatini
Eswatini: Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990)
Yearly data from 1991 to 2024, from the World Bank.
Environment · Eswatini
Yearly data from 1991 to 2024, from the World Bank.
Eswatini's nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) was -6.34% in 2024, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 6.67 percentage points from 0.33% in 2014.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | -6.34% | 2024 |
| Five years earlier | 1.07% | 2019 |
| Ten years earlier | 0.33% | 2014 |
| Highest | 3.87% | 1992 |
| Lowest | -14.81% | 2001 |
| Average since 2015 | -1.48% | 2015–2024 |
| First recorded | 1.13% | 1991 |
Over five years it is down 7.41 percentage points from 1.07% in 2019. Since 1991 it is down 7.47 percentage points from 1.13% in 1991.
In 2024, Eswatini's nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) fell 0.66 percentage points on 2023 (from -5.68% to -6.34%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1994 to 2023), the average change was +0.22 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 3.06 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.3 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 8.15 percentage points in 2003 and the biggest yearly fall was 16.29 percentage points in 1993. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2015 to 2024 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 12% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
In 2024, Eswatini had the 161st highest value of the 203 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Eswatini | -6.34% | 2024 |
| World | 34.03% | 2024 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 103% | 2024 |
| Lower middle income | 106.56% | 2024 |
Change of emissions (as %) of current year with respect to emissions in baseline year 1990 emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), one of the six Kyoto greenhouse gases (GHG), from the agriculture, energy, waste, and industrial sectors, excluding LULUCF.. The measure is standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values using the Global Warming Potential (GWP) factors of IPCC's 5th Assessment Report (AR5). Negative values indicate that the emission level for that year is lower than the emissions level in 1990.
Limitations: Global GHG emissions are currently not directly measurable, but approaches for their estimation exist, and numerous sources exist to supply data for this indicator. Reputable scientific organizations produce these data for use for research, policy analysis, climate negotiations, and broader public communications. The estimated accuracy from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes are quite high, as quantities of fossil fuels and other emissive materials (such as cement and steel) produced are well known. For these sectors, emissions estimates are roughly accurate to within 10% when aggregated to the global level and between 4% and 35% at the country level (Crippa et al., 2023).
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average using 1990 emission levels as weights.
| Year | Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) |
|---|---|
| 2024 | -6.34 |
| 2023 | -5.68 |
| 2022 | 1.01 |
| 2021 | 0.7817 |
| 2020 | 1.25 |
| 2019 | 1.07 |
| 2018 | -1.79 |
| 2017 | -2.26 |
| 2016 | -2.43 |
| 2015 | -0.4526 |
| 2014 | 0.3292 |
| 2013 | 0.9052 |
| 2012 | 0.432 |
| 2011 | 0.2469 |
| 2010 | -2.8 |
| 2009 | -7.12 |
| 2008 | -7.16 |
| 2007 | -6.03 |
| 2006 | -8.87 |
| 2005 | -4.38 |
| 2004 | -5.64 |
| 2003 | -6.64 |
| 2002 | -14.79 |
| 2001 | -14.81 |
| 2000 | -7.1 |
| 1999 | -6.07 |
| 1998 | -6.79 |
| 1997 | -5.57 |
| 1996 | -4.69 |
| 1995 | -6.95 |
| 1994 | -8.15 |
| 1993 | -12.43 |
| 1992 | 3.87 |
| 1991 | 1.13 |
Every indicator for Eswatini is on the Eswatini data page.
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator EN.GHG.N2O.ZG.AR5, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database, Joint Research Centre (JRC) - European Commission, uri: https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_ghg2024, publisher: JRC European Commission, date published: 2024; EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Resear… Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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