Estonia: Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2024, Estonia's nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e) rose 0.8% on 2023 (from 1.48 to 1.49).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1994 to 2023), the average change was +0.4% and a typical year strayed about 3.5% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.1 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 5.9% in 2019 and the biggest yearly fall was 7.7% in 1994. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2015 to 2024 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains less than 1% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2024, Estonia had the 105th highest value of the 198 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Estonia in the 2024 ranking

• Cuba — 102nd of 198: 1.71
• Benin — 103rd of 198: 1.63
• Kyrgyz Republic — 104th of 198: 1.59
• Costa Rica — 106th of 198: 1.47
• Switzerland — 107th of 198: 1.47
• Tunisia — 108th of 198: 1.44

What this measures

A measure of annual emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), one of the six Kyoto greenhouse gases (GHG), from the agricultural sector. This includes emissions from livestock (IPCC 2006 codes 3.A.1 (enteric fermentation, 3.a.2 (manure management) and crops (IPCC 2006 codes 3.C.1 Emissions from biomass burning, 3.C.2 Liming, 3.C.3 Urea application, 3.C.4 Direct N2O Emissions from managed soils, 3.C.5 Indirect N2O Emissions from managed soils, 3.C.6 Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management, 3.C.7 Rice cultivations). The measure is standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values using the Global Warming Potential (GWP) factors of IPCC's 5th Assessment Report (AR5).

Limitations: Global GHG emissions are currently not directly measurable, but approaches for their estimation exist, and numerous sources exist to supply data for this indicator. Reputable scientific organizations produce these data for use for research, policy analysis, climate negotiations, and broader public communications. The estimated accuracy from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes are quite high, as quantities of fossil fuels and other emissive materials (such as cement and steel) produced are well known. For these sectors, emissions estimates are roughly accurate to within 10% when aggregated to the global level and between 4% and 35% at the country level (Crippa et al., 2023).

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a sum.

All 55 values

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e) in nearby economies

• Albania — 0.55 (2024)
• Armenia — 0.28 (2024)
• Austria — 1.96 (2024)
• Azerbaijan — 1.98 (2024)
• Belarus — 13.32 (2024)
• Belgium — 2.21 (2024)
• Bosnia and Herzegovina — 0.44 (2024)
• Bulgaria — 3.26 (2024)
• Croatia — 0.84 (2024)
• Cyprus

More environment data for Estonia

• Population in largest city — 457,657 (2025)
• Population in the largest city (% of urban population) — 47.36% (2025)
• Rural population — 400,092 (2025)
• Rural population (% of total population) — 29.28% (2025)
• Urban population — 966,383 (2025)
• Urban population (% of total population) — 70.72% (2025)
• Rural population growth (annual %) — -0.51% (2025)
• Urban population growth (annual %) — -0.4% (2025)
• Agricultural land (sq. km) — 9,820 (2024)
• Surface area (sq. km) — 45,340 (2024)
• Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Estonia's nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e)?

1.49 in 2024, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1970?

It is up 12.26% from 1.33 in 1970 (0.21% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 1.6 in 2020 and the lowest 1.14 in 1997.

How does Estonia rank?

105th highest of 198 economies with data for 2024.

Is the latest change in nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e) unusual for Estonia?

In 2024, Estonia's nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e) rose 0.8% on 2023 (from 1.48 to 1.49). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1994 to 2023), the average change was +0.4% and a typical year strayed about 3.5% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.1 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator EN.GHG.N2O.AG.MT.CE.AR5, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database, Joint Research Centre (JRC) - European Commission, uri: https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_ghg2024, publisher: JRC European Commission, date published: 2024; International Energy Agency (IEA), uri: https://edgar.j… Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

Want to ask your own questions of data like this? Try AnalyzeIt: upload a file or ask about public data in plain words, and every figure comes with its working.