Estonia's gross fixed capital formation (current LCU) was 10.08 billion in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 99.52% from 5.05 billion in 2015 (7.15% a year on average, compounded).
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 10.08 billion | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | 8.69 billion | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | 5.05 billion | 2015 |
| Highest | 10.08 billion | 2025 |
| Lowest | 369.43 million | 1993 |
| Average since 2016 | 8.27 billion | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | 369.43 million |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Estonia's gross fixed capital formation (current LCU) rose 5.9% on 2024 (from 9.52 billion to 10.08 billion).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +11.2% and a typical year strayed about 16.7% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.3 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 52.6% in 1994 and the biggest yearly fall was 38.1% in 2009. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is upward, about 517.24 million a year. A straight line explains 90% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
A straight-line projection, tested first
Extending that straight line gives about 12.16 billion for 2028. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2023 to 2025 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was 425.23 million, against 649.66 million for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.
See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.
How it compares
In 2025, Estonia had the 118th highest value of the 126 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
Closest to Estonia in the 2025 ranking
- Lesotho — 114th of 126: 14.22 billion
- Luxembourg — 115th of 126: 13.41 billion
- Latvia — 116th of 126: 10.1 billion
- El Salvador — 118th of 126: 9.98 billion
- Cyprus — 119th of 126: 7.31 billion
- Seychelles — 120th of 126: 6.58 billion
What this measures
Gross fixed capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets during the accounting period, including certain specified expenditures on services that add to the value of non-produced assets. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This series is expressed in local currency units.
All 33 values
| Year | Gross fixed capital formation (current LCU) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 10,082,471,000 |
| 2024 | 9,522,236,000 |
| 2023 | 9,745,098,000 |
| 2022 | 9,133,613,000 |
| 2021 | 9,430,376,000 |
| 2020 | 8,685,235,000 |
| 2019 | 7,577,936,000 |
| 2018 | 7,026,302,000 |
| 2017 | 6,177,254,000 |
| 2016 | 5,313,125,000 |
Gross fixed capital formation (current LCU) in nearby economies
- Albania — 643.3 billion (2025)
- Armenia — 2.42 trillion (2025)
- Austria — 120.65 billion (2025)
- Azerbaijan — 21.03 billion (2025)
- Belarus — 71.9 billion (2025)
- Belgium — 153.41 billion (2025)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina — 13.1 billion (2024)
- Bulgaria — 23.36 billion (2025)
- Croatia — 23.93 billion (2025)
- Cyprus — 7.31 billion (2025)
More economic policy & debt data for Estonia
- Adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) — 4.76% (2021)
- Adjusted savings, mineral depletion (current US$) — US$0 (2021)
- Adjusted savings, energy depletion (current US$) — US$274.52 million (2021)
- Net financial flows, IBRD (NFL, current US$) — US$0 (2016)
- GDP (current LCU) — 41.62 billion (2025)
- GDP, linked series (current LCU) — 41.62 billion (2025)
- GDP (constant 2015 US$) — US$27.72 billion (2025)
- GDP (constant LCU) — 29.11 billion (2025)
- GDP, PPP (current international $) — 71.2 billion (2025)
- GDP, PPP (constant 2021 international $)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Estonia's gross fixed capital formation (current LCU)?
- 10.08 billion in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1993?
- It is up 2,629% from 369.43 million in 1993 (10.89% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 10.08 billion in 2025 and the lowest 369.43 million in 1993.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NE.GDI.FTOT.CN, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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