Estonia's gross capital formation (current LCU) was 10.34 billion in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 99.76% from 5.18 billion in 2015 (7.16% a year on average, compounded).
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 10.34 billion | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | 8.26 billion | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | 5.18 billion | 2015 |
| Highest | 10.34 billion | 2025 |
| Lowest | 394 million | 1993 |
| Average since 2016 | 8.45 billion | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | 394 million |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Estonia's gross capital formation (current LCU) rose 5.7% on 2024 (from 9.78 billion to 10.34 billion).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +11.7% and a typical year strayed about 18.4% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.3 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 42.8% in 2006 and the biggest yearly fall was 43.5% in 2009. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is upward, about 538.33 million a year. A straight line explains 89% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2025, Estonia had the 119th highest value of the 130 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
Closest to Estonia in the 2025 ranking
- Luxembourg — 116th of 130: 13.88 billion
- Djibouti — 117th of 130: 12.74 billion
- Latvia — 118th of 130: 10.35 billion
- El Salvador — 120th of 130: 9.67 billion
- Cyprus — 121st of 130: 7.03 billion
- Seychelles — 122nd of 130: 6.58 billion
What this measures
Gross capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for purposes of fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This series is expressed in local currency units.
All 33 values
| Year | Gross capital formation (current LCU) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 10,342,142,000 |
| 2024 | 9,784,310,000 |
| 2023 | 9,637,140,000 |
| 2022 | 10,135,136,000 |
| 2021 | 9,734,066,000 |
| 2020 | 8,261,357,000 |
| 2019 | 7,504,122,000 |
| 2018 | 7,363,220,000 |
| 2017 | 6,307,163,000 |
| 2016 | 5,481,195,000 |
Gross capital formation (current LCU) in nearby economies
- Albania — 628.23 billion (2024)
- Armenia — 2.74 trillion (2025)
- Austria — 121.33 billion (2025)
- Azerbaijan — 24.38 billion (2025)
- Belarus — 77.75 billion (2025)
- Belgium — 165.3 billion (2025)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina — 16.25 billion (2025)
- Bulgaria — 25.2 billion (2025)
- Croatia — 22.86 billion (2025)
- Cyprus — 7.03 billion (2025)
- Czechia
More economic policy & debt data for Estonia
- Adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) — 4.76% (2021)
- Adjusted savings, mineral depletion (current US$) — US$0 (2021)
- Adjusted savings, energy depletion (current US$) — US$274.52 million (2021)
- Net financial flows, IBRD (NFL, current US$) — US$0 (2016)
- GDP (current LCU) — 41.62 billion (2025)
- GDP, linked series (current LCU) — 41.62 billion (2025)
- GDP (constant 2015 US$) — US$27.72 billion (2025)
- GDP (constant LCU) — 29.11 billion (2025)
- GDP, PPP (current international $) — 71.2 billion (2025)
- GDP, PPP (constant 2021 international $)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Estonia's gross capital formation (current LCU)?
- 10.34 billion in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1993?
- It is up 2,525% from 394 million in 1993 (10.75% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 10.34 billion in 2025 and the lowest 394 million in 1993.
- How does Estonia rank?
- 119th highest of 130 economies with data for 2025.
- Is the latest change in gross capital formation (current LCU) unusual for Estonia?
- In 2025, Estonia's gross capital formation (current LCU) rose 5.7% on 2024 (from 9.78 billion to 10.34 billion). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +11.7% and a typical year strayed about 18.4% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.3 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NE.GDI.TOTL.CN, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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