China: Monetary sector credit to private sector (% of GDP)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2024, China's monetary sector credit to private sector (% of GDP) rose 4.71 percentage points on 2023 (from 189.61% to 194.31%).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1994 to 2023), the average change was +3.1 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 7.19 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 21.89 percentage points in 2009 and the biggest yearly fall was 11.02 percentage points in 1994. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2015 to 2024 the straight-line trend is upward, about 5.32 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 93% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

A straight-line projection, tested first

Extending that straight line gives about 209.97% for 2027. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2022 to 2024 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was 1.27%, against 15.01% for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.

See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.

How it compares

In 2024, China had the 2nd highest value of the 46 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to China in the 2024 ranking

• Korea, Rep. — 2nd of 46: 160.35%
• Denmark — 3rd of 46: 144.06%
• Sweden — 4th of 46: 125.29%

What this measures

Domestic credit to private sector refers to financial resources provided to the private sector, such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.

All 48 values

Monetary sector credit to private sector (% of GDP) in nearby economies

• Australia — 133.79% (2025)
• Brunei Darussalam — 39.07% (2025)
• Cambodia — 120.68% (2025)
• Fiji — 78.29% (2025)
• Hong Kong SAR, China — 222.65% (2025)
• Indonesia — 31.82% (2025)
• Japan — 114.82% (2025)
• Korea, Rep. — 160.35% (2024)
• Macao SAR, China — 117.05% (2025)
• Malaysia

More financial sector data for China

• GDP deflator (base year varies by country) — 104.18 (2025)
• DEC alternative conversion factor (LCU per US$) — US$7.19 (2025)
• Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) — US$7.19 (2025)
• Inflation, GDP deflator (annual % growth) — -0.92% (2025)
• Net domestic credit (current LCU) — 353.25 trillion (2024)
• Net foreign assets (current LCU) — 30.27 trillion (2024)
• Broad money (current LCU) — 306.91 trillion (2024)
• Broad money (% of GDP) — 227.67% (2024)
• Broad money to total reserves ratio — 12.34 (2024)
• Claims on central government, etc. (% of GDP)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is China's monetary sector credit to private sector (% of GDP)?

194.31% in 2024, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1977?

It is up 143.22 percentage points from 51.09% in 1977. The highest value was 194.31% in 2024 and the lowest 49.66% in 1979.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator FM.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF); World Development Indicators Database, World Bank (WB); National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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