Bosnia and Herzegovina: Adjusted savings, carbon dioxide damage (current US$)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2021, Bosnia and Herzegovina's adjusted savings, carbon dioxide damage (current US$) rose 12.3% on 2020 (from US$842.99 million to US$947 million).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1991 to 2020), the average change was +7.8% and a typical year strayed about 27.6% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 110.8% in 1997 and the biggest yearly fall was 75.4% in 1994. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2012 to 2021 the straight-line trend is upward, about US$30.36 million a year. A straight line explains 82% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

A straight-line projection, tested first

Extending that straight line gives about US$1 billion for 2024. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2019 to 2021 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was US$31.44 million, against US$43.42 million for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.

See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.

How it compares

In 2021, Bosnia and Herzegovina had the 90th highest value of the 208 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 2021 ranking

• Sudan — 87th of 208: US$963.33 million
• Mongolia — 88th of 208: US$960.77 million
• Ghana — 89th of 208: US$959.21 million
• Cambodia — 91st of 208: US$844.69 million
• Nepal — 92nd of 208: US$737.05 million
• Croatia — 93rd of 208: US$726.76 million

What this measures

Cost of damage due to carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel use and the manufacture of cement, estimated to be US$40 per ton of CO2 (the unit damage in 2017 US dollars for CO2 emitted in 2020) times the number of tons of CO2 emitted. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

All 32 values

Adjusted savings, carbon dioxide damage (current US$) in nearby economies

• Albania — US$222.56 million (2021)
• Andorra — US$21.48 million (2021)
• Armenia — US$262.48 million (2021)
• Austria — US$2.74 billion (2021)
• Azerbaijan — US$1.68 billion (2021)
• Belarus — US$2.58 billion (2021)
• Belgium — US$4.02 billion (2021)
• Bulgaria — US$1.7 billion (2021)
• Croatia — US$726.76 million (2021)
• Cyprus

More economic policy & debt data for Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Adjusted savings, mineral depletion (current US$) — US$7.31 million (2021)
• GDP (current US$) — US$32.6 billion (2025)
• GDP (current LCU) — 56.55 billion (2025)
• GDP, linked series (current LCU) — 56.55 billion (2025)
• GDP (constant 2015 US$) — US$21.8 billion (2025)
• GDP (constant LCU) — 43.87 billion (2025)
• GDP, PPP (current international $) — 81.06 billion (2025)
• GDP, PPP (constant 2021 international $) — 66.5 billion (2025)
• GDP per capita (current US$) — US$10,382 (2025)
• GDP per capita (current LCU)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Bosnia and Herzegovina's adjusted savings, carbon dioxide damage (current US$)?

US$947 million in 2021, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1990?

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NY.ADJ.DCO2.CD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB); The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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