Bahrain: Adjusted savings, particulate emission damage (% of GNI)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2020, Bahrain's adjusted savings, particulate emission damage (% of GNI) rose 0.02 percentage points on 2019 (from 0.18% to 0.2%).

Across the 29 yearly changes before that (1991 to 2019), the average change was −0.01 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.01 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 2.3 standard deviations above that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 0.02 percentage points in 2020 and the biggest yearly fall was 0.04 percentage points in 1991. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2011 to 2020 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 9% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2020, Bahrain had the 11th highest value of the 11 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Bahrain in the 2020 ranking

• South Africa — 8th of 11: 0.4%
• Saudi Arabia — 9th of 11: 0.32%
• United Arab Emirates — 10th of 11: 0.29%

What this measures

Particulate emissions damage is the damage due to exposure of a country's population to ambient concentrations of particulates measuring less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5), ambient ozone pollution, and indoor concentrations of PM2.5 in households cooking with solid fuels. Damages are calculated as foregone labor income due to premature death. Estimates of health impacts from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 are for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013. Data for other years have been extrapolated from trends in mortality rates. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.

Limitations: Labor productivity losses, as calculated within the framework of adjusted net savings, represent only part of the economic costs of air pollution and should be interpreted as a lower-end estimate.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.

All 31 values

Adjusted savings, particulate emission damage (% of GNI) in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — 2.14% (2020)
• Algeria — 0.37% (2021)
• Djibouti — 1.96% (2021)
• Egypt, Arab Rep. — 0.67% (2021)
• Iran, Islamic Rep. — 0.36% (2021)
• Iraq — 0.58% (2021)
• Israel — 0.09% (2021)
• Jordan — 0.26% (2021)
• Kuwait — 0.17% (2019)

More economic policy & debt data for Bahrain

• Total reserves, including gold (current US$) — US$5.27 billion (2025)
• Total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) — US$4.61 billion (2025)
• GDP (current US$) — US$48.97 billion (2025)
• GDP (current LCU) — 18.41 billion (2025)
• GDP (constant 2015 US$) — US$42.56 billion (2025)
• GDP (constant LCU) — 15.71 billion (2025)
• GDP per capita (current US$) — US$30,597 (2025)
• GDP per capita (current LCU) — 11,504 (2025)
• GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$) — US$26,592 (2025)
• GDP per capita (constant LCU) — 9,816 (2025)
• GDP (annual % growth)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Bahrain's adjusted savings, particulate emission damage (% of GNI)?

0.2% in 2020, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1990?

It is down 0.26 percentage points from 0.46% in 1990. The highest value was 0.46% in 1990 and the lowest 0.16% in 2013.

How does Bahrain rank?

11th highest of 11 economies with data for 2020.

Is the latest change in adjusted savings, particulate emission damage (% of GNI) unusual for Bahrain?

In 2020, Bahrain's adjusted savings, particulate emission damage (% of GNI) rose 0.02 percentage points on 2019 (from 0.18% to 0.2%). Across the 29 yearly changes before that (1991 to 2019), the average change was −0.01 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.01 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 2.3 standard deviations above that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NY.ADJ.DPEM.GN.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Global Burden of Disease 2013 study, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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